An SIW Resonator Sensor for Liquid Permittivity Measurements at C Band

Liu, Changjun; Tong, Fan

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2015.2479851

Cited by 93 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The sensor provided great precision with a deviation of ±0.5%; nevertheless, the sample had to be mounted inside the cavity using a capillary tube, and a snug fit was required to prevent air gaps. A SIW cavity that operates in TE 102 mode was produced in another work [ 26 ]. An aperture was constructed on the top metal surface of the cavity to allow radiations to leak out of the cavity, and the resulting sensor was submerged in a jar that was filled with the LUT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Permittivity Measurement of Microliter Volume Liquid Samples through Microwave Filters

Yasin

Gogosh

Sohail

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper proposes a concept of dielectric characterization of low-volume liquid samples using the coupling coefficient of filters. The concept is validated through a two-pole substrate integrated waveguide filter in which the liquid under test is mounted on the coupling section between the two resonators. Unlike the conventional resonator perturbation method reported many times in the literature, this technique uses the coupling coefficient for sensing. The liquid sample is collected in a capillary tube and carefully positioned on the coupling section of the filter; the coupling coefficient of the two resonators varies compared to the relative permittivity of the sample; thus, an empirical model is established. The proposed sensor has been tested to compute the permittivity of different alcohols. Binary solutions of ethanol and water have also been characterized to calculate the volume ratio and relative permittivity as a proof-of-concept. The obtained results show that the proposed sensing technique is capable of characterizing a low quantity of liquids (≈44 µL) with good accuracy, and a worst case measured error of only 6.8% is noted. The ease of integration with other circuitry, low cost, reusability with no deterioration, and adaptability of the proposed sensor makes it a suitable choice for the chemical as well as for the pharmaceutical industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Permittivity Measurement of Microliter Volume Liquid Samples through Microwave Filters

Yasin

Gogosh

Sohail

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…As a result, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology has been applied in filter and sensor designs in recent years to check water quality. The resonator must be immersed in a large amount of liquid or filled with samples using a micro-capillary to characterize a material accurately [ 11 ]. Microfluidic technology has recently emerged as a solution to the wastefulness of specimens [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

2023

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Substrate-integrated waveguides (SIWs) are widely used in microwave systems owing to their low cost and ease of integration. In this study, an SIW-based resonator that reacts to the complex permittivity variation of solutions with dimensions of 79.2 mm × 59.8 mm is introduced. This octagon-shaped sensor can be installed on a preliminary monitoring system to test water quality by observing the parameter variations caused by external factors. The resonant structure was used to test different concentrations of ethanol–water and acetone–water mixtures for verification. The resonant frequency and quality factor (Q-factor) were found to vary with the relative complex permittivity of the liquid in the S-band, and the electric field distribution varied when liquid droplets were placed in the center of the substrate. The designed sensor operates at 2.45 GHz in the air, and the observed minimum resonant frequency shift with liquid was 15 MHz. The measurement error was approximately 3.1%, and the results reveal a relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature as well. Considering the observed sources of error, the measured relative permittivity is consistent with the actual values. The proposed sensor is economically convenient and suitable for various test environments.

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“…Hence, new alternative techniques are required to overcome the drawbacks of current planar sensors. Although there are numerous research studies on waveguide microwave planar sensors 23–25 , studies on circular substrate-integrated waveguide (CSIW) technology used in biochemical sensors are rarely to found in terms of aqueous characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SIW resonators are still, nevertheless, a relatively new class of planar resonant devices, which offer higher quality factors in comparison to other planar devices. The improvement has been reported in 25–27 , where the author utilizes a rectangular SIW to investigate the properties of an aqueous solution with a one port network analysis. The author 27 presented a high sensitivity sensor boasting micro-volume measurement, but which provided limited specificity and applicability for such a sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author 27 presented a high sensitivity sensor boasting micro-volume measurement, but which provided limited specificity and applicability for such a sensor. The authors in 25 , nevertheless, demonstrated accurate measurements with the simple and low-cost design, but a large volume of the sample was required for an immersed method of measuring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real Time Microwave Biochemical Sensor Based on Circular SIW Approach for Aqueous Dielectric Detection

Bahar

Zakaria

Arshad

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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In this study, a critical evaluation of analyte dielectric properties in a microvolume was undertaken, using a microwave biochemical sensor based on a circular substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) topology. These dielectric properties were numerically investigated based on the resonant perturbation method, as this method provides the best sensing performance as a real-time biochemical detector. To validate these findings, shifts of the resonant frequency in the presence of aqueous solvents were compared with an ideal permittivity. The sensor prototype required a 2.5 µL volume of the liquid sample each time, which still offered an overall accuracy of better than 99.06%, with an average error measurement of ±0.44%, compared with the commercial and ideal permittivity values. The unloaded Q u factor of the circular substrate-integrated waveguide (CSIW) sensor achieved more than 400 to ensure a precise measurement. At 4.4 GHz, a good agreement was observed between simulated and measured results within a broad frequency range, from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed sensor, therefore, offers high sensitivity detection, a simple structural design, a fast-sensing response, and cost-effectiveness. The proposed sensor in this study will facilitate real improvements in any material characterization applications such as pharmaceutical, bio-sensing, and food processing applications.

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An SIW Resonator Sensor for Liquid Permittivity Measurements at C Band

Cited by 93 publications

References 10 publications

Relative Permittivity Measurement of Microliter Volume Liquid Samples through Microwave Filters

Relative Permittivity Measurement of Microliter Volume Liquid Samples through Microwave Filters

Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

Real Time Microwave Biochemical Sensor Based on Circular SIW Approach for Aqueous Dielectric Detection

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