An overview on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks

Toor, Manju; Kumar, Smita S.; Malyan, Sandeep K.; Bishnoi, Narsi R.; Mathimani, Thangavel; Rajendran, Karthik; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125080

Cited by 165 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Moreover, it is mainly produced from food-based plants, e.g., corn. As a result of persistent research and development in the last few years, the construction of plants using lignocellulose as feedstock has already begun [9]. However, their technological efficiency and reliability need to be proven [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomerization of n-C5/C6 Bioparaffins to Gasoline Components with High Octane Number

Hancsók

Kasza²,

Visnyei

2020

Energies

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The thermal and catalytic conversion processes of alternative feedstocks (e.g., waste and biomass) to different engine fuels can result in the formation of a significant amount of light hydrocarbons as by-products in the boiling range of gasoline. The properties of these C5/C6 hydrocarbons need to be improved due to many reasons, e.g., their benzene content, and/or poor oxidation stability (high olefin content) and low octane number (<60). The aim of the research work was to increase the octane number of benzene containing C5/C6 bioparaffin fractions by catalytic isomerization. These by-products were obtained from special hydrocracking of waste cooking oil to hydrocarbons in the boiling range of aviation turbine fuels (JET fuels)/diesel fuels. Experiments were carried out in a reactor system containing down-flow tubular reactors over Pt/Al2O3/Cl and Pt/H-Mordenite/Al2O3 catalysts at 115–145 °C and 230–270 °C, respectively. Based on the results obtained at different process parameter combinations, it was concluded that the hydrogenation of benzene was complete over both catalysts, and the liquid yields were higher (ca. 98% > ca. 93 %) in the case of Pt/Al2O3/Cl. In addition, the octane number was also enhanced (ca. 32 > ca. 27 unit) in the products compared to the feedstock. This was because a higher isoparaffin content can be obtained at a lower operating temperature. Moreover, cracking side reactions take place to a lesser extent. The utilization of these isomerized bio-origin light fractions can contribute to the competitiveness of second-generation biofuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomerization of n-C5/C6 Bioparaffins to Gasoline Components with High Octane Number

Hancsók

Kasza²,

Visnyei

2020

Energies

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“…On the contrary, the second generation biofuels are dedicated energy crops that contain lignocellulosic material and are often grown on marginal lands [3 -6]. The next-generation biofuel is so far in its early stages of development based on the use of algae as a feedstock [4,7] or engineered metabolic bacteria as the fuel producers [4]. Although waste-based biofuels produced from lignocelluloses and algal biomass have the potential to eliminate the food to fuel issues, seasonal availability of the first-generation feedstock targeted at a cost-effective production, relatively immature technologies, demanding logistics for sourcing and lack of investments create obstacles to their large scale turnover [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioethanol is an alternative to and a potential substitute to petroleum-derived vehicle fuels [19]. Currently, it is the most popular biofuel in the automotive sector [4,20]. It can be admixed with gasoline in conventional engines at up to 15% whereas flexible-fuel vehicles can use gasoline-ethanol blends containing up to 85% bioethanol [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be admixed with gasoline in conventional engines at up to 15% whereas flexible-fuel vehicles can use gasoline-ethanol blends containing up to 85% bioethanol [21]. The advantages of using bioethanol include: higher octane number compared to gasoline [4,12,20,22], reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [4,12], convenience of storage [22,23] and cleaner exhaust fumes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fermentation and distillation are the most important technological processes in the production of conventional bio-ethanol from easily accessible carbohydrates [4,24], whereas pre-treatment and hydrolysis are essential operations for difficult to degrade lignocellulosic biomass [4,9] raising the overall production costs [5,25]. The conventional alcoholic fermentation can be inhibited by high concentrations of its metabolites [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermentation of Sweet Sorghum Syrup Under Reduced Pressure for Bioethanol Production

Ivanova¹,

Kulichkova²,

Lukashevych³

et al. 2020

TOASJ

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Background: Production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) is a promising “green” energy source that can help to reduce energy dependence on petroleum products, to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and fight environmental pollution. As an additional benefit, it can promote the exploitation of new uncultivated agricultural lands and favor establishing integrated agro-industrial energy independent enterprises. The alcoholic fermentation under reduced pressure may prevent the accumulation of high ethanol concentrations in the cultured broth and thus may create favorable conditions for the highest productivity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Objective: Elaboration of optimal conditions for sweet sorghum syrup fermentation under reduced pressure. Aim: To determine the parameters of sweet sorghum syrup fermentation by S. cerevisiae under the conditions of constant and periodic reduced pressure for the highest bioethanol production efficiency. Methods: The sweet sorghum was grown in a temperate continental climate region of Northern Ukraine. The parameters of diluted stem syrup and S. cerevisiae fermentation under reduced and atmospheric pressure were established and controlled by chemical, biochemical and physicochemical methods. The yeast cells were dyed with methylene blue and counted using a microscope and a Neubauer counting chamber. The obtained data have been statistically analyzed. Results: It has been established that a periodic vacuum extraction with short-term heating of the medium to the boiling point is the most promising procedure for bioethanol production. Periodically reduced pressure fermentation of sweet sorghum diluted syrup resulted in 55% higher bioethanol productivity compared to atmospheric pressure fermentation. Such treatment enables to maintain the concentration of ethanol in the medium below 5.5% vol., which does not significantly inhibit the productivity of industrial yeast strains and allows adding a nutrient with the subsequent continuation of the cultivation process. The resulting distillate requires less energy for further dehydration. Conclusion: The sweet sorghum syrup does not contain substances that inhibit yeast cells although nitrogen and phosphorus supplements are required to support efficient S. cerevisiae growth. The optimal technology, elaborated in this research, consists of repeated cycles of fermentation under reduced pressure (to the level of vacuum) for boiling the cultured broth. This technology provides the highest bioethanol output, high efficiency, and productivity of the overall process.

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