Introduction: Nowadays, organic waste utilization and replacement of fossil energy sources with their renewable alternatives pose a challenging problem both for industrially developed and developing countries. Anaerobic digestion of organic biomass into biogas is considered an efficient technology for bioenergy production. Over the period from 2009 to 2018, the global biogas production capacities have more than doubled and are continuing to grow. The composition and the amount of biogas depend strongly on the type of the substrate. Various types of feedstock can be used for the production of biogas such as animal wastes, agricultural residues, and dedicated energy crops. Objective: To review biogas production potentials of energy crops and plant processing raw materials. Results: In the background of historical development and present state, the paper reviews the potential of different plant raw materials to be utilized for biogas production purposes. The potential of energy crops, agricultural residues, and wastes for biogas production is analyzed. International projects concerning energy crops grown on marginal lands are presented and commented on in the article. The approach of implementing crop rotation systems for industrial energy crop cultivation is described and recommended as beneficial for various purposes. The anaerobic degradability of biomass constituents, optimal process parameters, and biomass treatment for biogas production are discussed. C/N ration and lignocelluloses content in the substrate are considered among the most decisive parameters for AD and methane production. Various concepts of biogas bioreactor technologies have been studied depending on the substrate type. Conclusion: Plant feedstock may play a decisive role in biogas production as a renewable energy source. To avoid GHG release into the atmosphere, biogas facilities should be built within the closest vicinities to the places of existing garbage dumps, and waste management practice involving organic fraction separation in households and in the industry should be applied. Construction of biogas facilities is beneficial for environmental, economic, and social reasons.
A new substrate, breadcrumbs, was investigated for biomass accumulation, the pH of the cultural broth, the formation of primary metabolites such as the proteins and endopolysaccharides of Schizophyllum commune 1768 and Trametes versicolor 353, as well as its bioconversion efficiency. The results showed that S. commune gives more mycelial mass (23.96 ± 0.8 g/l) and in a shorter period (4 days) than T. versicolor (15.76 ± 0.5 g/l in 5 days). The pH values changed from the initial 6.1 to 3.6 in S. commune cultural broth and to 4.4 in T. versicolor cultural broth. Maximal endopolysaccharide content in the mycelia of S. commune and T. versicolor were 7.13% and 6.42%, correspondingly. Crude protein content in S. commune mycelium was 18.83 % on the 4th day of cultivation, and 20.03%, in the mycelium of T. versicolor, on the 6th day of cultivation. Kinetic parameters for the quantitative estimation of cultivation efficiency were calculated for biomass, endopolysaccharide, and crude protein concentrations.
The content of proteins, lipids, and amino and fatty acids was investigated in mycelium and culture broth of medicinal mushrooms Cordyceps sinensis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune. Seven essential amino acids were present in the proteins of all mushroom samples, with aspartic (6.34%-14.29%) and glutamic (15.12%-17.51%) acids predominating in culture mycelium and glutamic acid (16.3%-19.1%) in culture broth. Lipids in the mycelium of species C. sinensis, P. ostreatus, and Sch. Commune consisted of 10 fatty acids and 12 fatty acids in culture broth in our experiments. Major acids in culture mycelium and culture broth of fungi were linoleic (42.43%-67.41%), oleic (10.47%-32.54%), and palmitic (16.43%-20.33%). The proteins and lipids in culture broth of studied species contained a higher level of total non-essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids as compared to those in culture mycelium.
55001 т. с. іванова 1 , аспірант, провідний інжене р Н. А. Бісько 2 , д.б.н., провідний науковий співробітник Г. П. мегалінська 3 , к.б.н., доцент
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