An Overview of Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks and its Forensic Management Over Time

Serrano, Isa; Gomes, D.L.S.; Ramilo, David W.; Rebelo, María Teresa; Fonseca, Isabel Pereira da; Moreira, Anabela; Oliveira, Manuela

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14034

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The frequency with which new infectious diseases are emerging (Dobson et al 2020), especially zoonoses (Jones et al 2013, Serrano et al 2019, Gibb et al 2020, highlights the need for robust baseline data. We unify a selection of classification systems (Janeway et al 2001, Chomel 2009, McMahon et al 2018) into a framework to support evidence-informed decision-making on this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some pathogens, such as the human immunodeficiency viruses, began as zoonotic pathogens but later mutated into human-only strains (Schneider 2021). Others can cause recurring disease outbreaks, such as salmonellosis (Serrano et al 2019), whereas viruses of non-human mammal origin, such as SARS-Cov-2 (Prince et al 2021), have the potential to cause pandemics. Therefore, the importance of understanding the zoonotic origins of human disease has become increasingly recognised (Jones et al 2008(Jones et al , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers

Keenan,

Niedziela,

Morera‐Pujol

et al. 2023

Mammal Review

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Classification systems are useful tools for aggregating diseases to study them in more detail. The most widespread system for the classification of human diseases is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); however, the ICD was designed for use in health care and fails to capture many details of zoonotic diseases as a result. We propose a framework for zoonotic disease classification which combines four known classification types (pathogen type, life cycle, transmission direction and ecosystem) into one systematic method. We chose to focus on four specific aspects to provide as broad an overview as possible of zoonoses, in order to inform the risk of transmission to humans. This framework can be applied to the zoonoses occurring in any non‐human animal species and supports the generation of systematically collected empirical data that are useful for monitoring the spatio‐temporal dynamics of zoonoses. To demonstrate the utility of our framework, we focus on six deer species that are widespread in Eurasia: red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, fallow deer Dama dama, sika deer Cervus nippon, Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis. We examined the worldwide occurrence and prevalence of zoonoses in these species through a scoping review of the literature. Altogether, 996 records of zoonotic diseases in the six wild deer species, from 431 peer‐reviewed papers, and 120 zoonotic pathogens were found. Within deer populations, the most prevalent zoonoses were bacterial, while the most prevalent life cycles were metazoonoses. We also found that the most prevalent pathogens in deer were those with hosts capable of occupying sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic ecosystems. Baseline data generated using our framework method can provide important starting points for making projections of human disease risk, assisting wildlife managers and policy‐makers in making wildlife management decisions, and assisting experts in the development of disease‐monitoring and management plans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers

Keenan,

Niedziela,

Morera‐Pujol

et al. 2023

Mammal Review

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Forensic Science Interventions in Wildlife Mediated Zoonotic Outbreaks: A Systematic Review

Joseph

Bishnoi²

2020

JCD

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Millions of people are suffering from the repeated emergence of zoonotic diseases across the globe. The latest pandemic of Covid-19 suspected to be originated from wild animals and was transmitted via an intermediate animal host to humans. Possibilities of the intentional use of zoonoses as bioweapons cannot be ignored and it poses a threat to global biosafety and biosecurity. This review discusses the nature and types of zoonotic diseases and the link to human activities of wildlife poaching and trafficking. It is estimated that about billions of currencies are spent by nations annually due to these diseases and millions of people die as a consequence of zoonotic diseases. In this article, we reviewed on the past and present zoonotic diseases and transmission through natural, accidental and deliberate modes. This review addresses the impact of human vs. wildlife conflict in emerging zoonotic diseases and focusing on bioterrorism activities. The objective of the present review was to highlight the significance of advanced forensic science technologies for the detection and prevention of the future zoonotic outbreaks of the suspected bio crimes and wildlife crimes.

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Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has a range of effects from annual infections that are mild to full-blown pandemics. This review compares the zoonotic potential and relationship between MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The role of bats as possible host species and possible intermediate hosts including pangolins, civets, mink, birds, and other mammals are discussed with reference to mutations of the viral genome affecting zoonosis. Ecological, social, cultural, and environmental factors that may play a role in zoonotic transmission are considered with reference to SARS-CoV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and possible future zoonotic events.

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An Overview of Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks and its Forensic Management Over Time

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers

Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers

Forensic Science Interventions in Wildlife Mediated Zoonotic Outbreaks: A Systematic Review

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

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