An Overview of the Potentialities of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Natural Sources

Dini, Irene; Biasi, Margherita-Gabriella De; Mancusi, Andrea

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111483

Cited by 31 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as new drug candidates and have attracted the attention of researchers as the most viable replacement for conventional antibiotics [ 5 ]. AMPs are host defense molecules that play a crucial role in the innate immune response and exhibit significant efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. AMPs are generally composed of up to 40 amino acid residues, are characterized by a positive net charge due to the presence of cationic residues (e.g., Arg, Lys), and are amphipathic thanks to the simultaneous presence of hydrophobic residues (e.g., Phe, Trp) ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosylation and Lipidation Strategies: Approaches for Improving Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently gained attention as a viable solution for combatting antibiotic resistance due to their numerous advantages, including their broad-spectrum activity, low propensity for inducing resistance, and low cytotoxicity. Unfortunately, their clinical application is limited due to their short half-life and susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage by serum proteases. Indeed, several chemical strategies, such as peptide cyclization, N-methylation, PEGylation, glycosylation, and lipidation, are widely used for overcoming these issues. This review describes how lipidation and glycosylation are commonly used to increase AMPs’ efficacy and engineer novel AMP-based delivery systems. The glycosylation of AMPs, which involves the conjugation of sugar moieties such as glucose and N-acetyl galactosamine, modulates their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, improves their antimicrobial activity, and reduces their interaction with mammalian cells, thereby increasing selectivity toward bacterial membranes. In the same way, lipidation of AMPs, which involves the covalent addition of fatty acids, has a significant impact on their therapeutic index by influencing their physicochemical properties and interaction with bacterial and mammalian membranes. This review highlights the possibility of using glycosylation and lipidation strategies to increase the efficacy and activity of conventional AMPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosylation and Lipidation Strategies: Approaches for Improving Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy

et al. 2023

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“…Peptidic antioxidants (PAs) can chelate metal ions, scavenge radicals, and quench singlet oxygen. They can be ingested safely and sometimes act as antibacterial, antihypertensive, and hypocholesterolemic molecules [ 151 ]. Peptide sequences with antioxidant activity are found in food proteins and biowaste proteins, where they occur as inactive sequences.…”

Section: Biopeptides’ Potential In Cosmeceutical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Peptides for the Nutricosmetic Industry

Dini

Mancusi

2023

Antioxidants

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In recent years, numerous reports have described bioactive peptides (biopeptides)/hydrolysates produced from various food sources. Biopeptides are considered interesting for industrial application since they show numerous functional properties (e.g., anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties) and technological properties (e.g., solubility, emulsifying, and foaming). Moreover, they have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. Nevertheless, some challenges must be overcome before their administration via the oral route. The gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal enzymes and acidic stomach conditions can affect their bioavailability and the levels that can reach the site of action. Some delivery systems have been studied to avoid these problems (e.g., microemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid particles). This paper summarizes the results of studies conducted on biopeptides isolated from plants, marine organisms, animals, and biowaste by-products, discusses their potential application in the nutricosmetic industry, and considers potential delivery systems that could maintain their bioactivity. Our results show that food peptides are environmentally sustainable products that can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory agents in nutricosmetic formulations. Biopeptide production from biowaste requires expertise in analytical procedures and good manufacturing practice. It is hoped that new analytical procedures can be developed to simplify large-scale production and that the authorities adopt and regulate use of appropriate testing standards to guarantee the population’s safety.

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“…AMPs have multiple physicochemical characteristics or “driving forces” that allow them to interact with microorganisms. Among all their physicochemical characteristics, it is important to highlight: 1) the net positive charge (due to the amino acids arginine, histidine, and lysine), between 2 and 9, improve the interaction with anionic lipids, 2) hydrophobicity necessary for membrane penetration, and 3) flexibility conformation and membrane interaction ( Jenssen et al, 2006 ; Dini et al, 2022 ). These physicochemical characteristics are necessary for AMPs to function as antimicrobial agents and interact with bacterial membranes.…”

Section: Surface Modifications In Cardiac Medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for surface coatings of implantable cardiac medical devices

Coronel-Meneses,

Sánchez-Trasviña,

Ratera

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Cardiac medical devices (CMDs) are required when the patient’s cardiac capacity or activity is compromised. To guarantee its correct functionality, the building materials in the development of CMDs must focus on several fundamental properties such as strength, stiffness, rigidity, corrosion resistance, etc. The challenge is more significant because CMDs are generally built with at least one metallic and one polymeric part. However, not only the properties of the materials need to be taken into consideration. The biocompatibility of the materials represents one of the major causes of the success of CMDs in the short and long term. Otherwise, the material will lead to several problems of hemocompatibility (e.g., protein adsorption, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, bacterial infection, and finally, the rejection of the CMDs). To enhance the hemocompatibility of selected materials, surface modification represents a suitable solution. The surface modification involves the attachment of chemical compounds or bioactive compounds to the surface of the material. These coatings interact with the blood and avoid hemocompatibility and infection issues. This work reviews two main topics: 1) the materials employed in developing CMDs and their key characteristics, and 2) the surface modifications reported in the literature, clinical trials, and those that have reached the market. With the aim of providing to the research community, considerations regarding the choice of materials for CMDs, together with the advantages and disadvantages of the surface modifications and the limitations of the studies performed.

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An Overview of the Potentialities of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Natural Sources

Cited by 31 publications

References 223 publications

Glycosylation and Lipidation Strategies: Approaches for Improving Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy

Glycosylation and Lipidation Strategies: Approaches for Improving Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy

Food Peptides for the Nutricosmetic Industry

Strategies for surface coatings of implantable cardiac medical devices

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