agradecimentos / acknowledgementsÉcom muito gosto que agradeço aos meus orientadores, Arnaldo Oliveira e Joaquim Ferreira, pela proposta de dissertação e ajuda ao longo deste trabalho. Um especial agradecimentoà minha família em particular aos meus pais e ao meu irmão por todo o apoio e motivação ao longo da minha formação académica. Agradeço tambémà Ana por me apoiar nos meus piores momentos e por me ter dado força durante esta caminhada.Quero também agradecer a todos os meus amigos que me proporcionaram bons momentos ao longo do meu percurso académico.Às pessoas do laboratório de Radio Frequência pelo bom ambiente proporcionado ao longo do meu trabalho.
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AbstractOver the last few years there has been a considerable development in the field of vehicular communications (VC) in order to develop standards and prototypes that satisfy the requirements of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). One of these standards is the IEEE 802.11p that defines the physical layers to create a platform for vehicular communications. Cars and elements on the road are viewed as wireless routers (nodes), creating a VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network), which is part of the ITS. It's intention is to provide several services as: a safer environment for drivers by reducing the number of accidents/injuries; improve traffic congestion and consequently reduce the impact of cars in the environment; provide infotainment services. These networks have promising features to guarantee a high level of safety between drivers, however they have to work on a secure and anonymous way since they can be threatened and attacked by malicious sources. Therefore more recently studies have focused on studying the impact of security on VC.In this dissertation it is proposed the creation of an architecture and the analysis of the impact of security services when they are added to VANET. This is achieved by using the IEEE 1609.2 Standard to overcome the limitations of security on vehicular communications. An implementation of the required cryptographic algorithms and protocols to manage the sharing of secure messages according to the IEEE 1609.2 Standard was developed with the help of the OpenSSL library. The ECDSA cryptographic algorithm ensures the authentication of all messages, which is the focus of this dissertation. In order to achieve an architecture capable of being integrated and tested in a real scenario, the implemented system was joined with other applications as the WSMP (WAVE Short Message Protocol) and the generation of CAM messages. With this integration it was possible to evaluate the overhead that is caused when the process to sign/verify a digital message is added to a vehicular communication. For these tests a Raspberry-Pi was used as a On Board Unit, concluding that a pure software implementation is not feasible, allowing only a maximum number of 40 signature verifications/second using the ECDSA cryptographic algorithm.