Cyber Security Standards and Issues in V2X Communications for Internet of Vehicles

Ivanov, Ivan; Maple, Carsten; Watson, Tim; Lee, S.

doi:10.1049/cp.2018.0046

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2) Harmonization Efforts: There were two harmonization task groups (HTG) established by the United States and Europian international standards harmonization working group [48]: (a) HTG1 -to harmonize security standards [36]. The harmonization efforts were completed in 2013 [49] and the reports/recommendations are publicly available online [50], [51].…”

Section: B Standardization Efforts For V2x Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Platforms

Hasan

Mohan

Shimizu

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh.

161

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Modern vehicular wireless technology enables vehicles to exchange information at any time, from any place, to any network -forms the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication platforms. Despite benefits, V2X applications also face great challenges to security and privacy -a very valid concern since breaches are not uncommon in automotive communication networks and applications. In this survey, we provide an extensive overview of V2X ecosystem. We also review main security/privacy issues, current standardization activities and existing defense mechanisms proposed within the V2X domain. We then identified semantic gaps of existing security solutions and outline possible open issues.We also discuss possible open issues (Section VIII), summarize multiple industry/academic/government initiatives for securing V2X communications (Section IX-A) and compare our work with related surveys (Section IX-B). II. V2X PLATFORM : AN OVERVIEWThis section provides an overview of V2X communication interfaces (Section II-A) and discuss various network/communication models (Section II-B). A. Communication InterfacesThe internal architecture of a vehicle is interconnected with ECUs (electronic control units -embedded computing platform that monitor/control automotive systems) coupled with sensors and actuators. The communication between the vehicle and the outside world such as other vehicles or roadside units (RSUs) is performed via external interfaces (see Fig. 1). These vehicular external interfaces are attached to the telematics control unit (TCU) -also referred to as on-board unit (OBU) 1 -an ECU that provides wireless connectivity [7], [8]. A vehicle control unit coordinates with the OBU to collect and disseminate vehicular data [9]. The current standards for V2X communication are DSRC (dedicated short range communication) [10] in the United States, C-ITS (cooperative intelligent transport systems) [11] in Europe and ITS Connect [12] in Japan. Both DSRC and C-ITS operating in the 5.9 GHz ITS band while ITS Connect operating in 760 MHz band (refer to Section II-B1 for details). An alternative to DSRC/C-ITS is the next generation of cellular wireless mobile telecommunications technology (see Section II-B2). OBUs can also be equipped with interfaces for long-range communication. These long-range wireless channels can be classified as broadcast channels (signals can be broadcast to multiple vehicles without knowledge of the receiver's address) and addressable channels (where messages are sent to vehicles with specific addresses.) [13]. Examples of broadcast channels include the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), traffic message/satellite radio receivers, etc. Addressable channels are typically used for long-range voice/data transmissions and are intended to be used for cellular communications for mobile broadband [8].

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Section: B Standardization Efforts For V2x Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Platforms

Hasan

Mohan

Shimizu

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh.

161

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“…Cellular: The intelligent vehicles are currently equipped with cellular network technologies such as LTE,3G,4G and now 5G [20] and consequently, they can communicate to either another vehicle (V2V) or the infrastructure (V2I) at long distances on the scale of miles [54]. Cellular networks, on the other hand, are prone to eavesdropping and jamming attacks [56].…”

Section: Remote Keyless Entry (Rke)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Security: A Survey of Security Issues and Vulnerabilities, Malware Attacks and Defenses

et al. 2021

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“…According to ETSI TC ITS [8,9], the security in VANETs must consider authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, privacy, confidentiality, authorization, real-time constraints and availability. Scenarios with VANETs and IoT must take into account special requirements such as low computational overhead and low communication overhead.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient and Secure Alert System for VANETs to Improve Crosswalks’ Security in Smart Cities

Branquinho

Senna

Zúquete

2020

Sensors

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A key characteristic of Smart Cities is the ability to reduce conflicts between different agents coexisting in a dynamic system, such as the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians. This paper presents a system to augment the awareness of vehicle drivers regarding the presence of pedestrians in nearby crosswalks. The proposed system interconnects Road Side Units (RSUs), which are informed about the state of the crosswalks, and vehicles, in order to spread to vehicles, the information about the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks. To prevent false information spreading, RSUs sign the alert messages they broadcast and all vehicles can validate the signatures. This poses strong security requirements, such as non-repudiation of alert messages, as well as strong real-time requirements, such as minimum message validation delays among vehicles approaching a crosswalk of interest. To manage the signed alert messages, we are proposing Nimble Asymmetric Cryptography (NAC), which authenticates implicit broadcast messages. NAC minimizes the usage of asymmetric ciphers, which are fundamental to assure non-repudiation but increase performance penalties and uses hash chaining for source authentication of implicit messages.

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Cyber Security Standards and Issues in V2X Communications for Internet of Vehicles

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Securing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Platforms

Securing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Platforms

Vehicle Security: A Survey of Security Issues and Vulnerabilities, Malware Attacks and Defenses

An Efficient and Secure Alert System for VANETs to Improve Crosswalks’ Security in Smart Cities

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