An overview of solid base heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production

Marwaha, Akshey; Dhir, Amit; Mahla, Sunil Kumar; Mohapatra, S.K.

doi:10.1080/01614940.2018.1494782

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 146 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…14 Ion exchange resins are constituted by copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) containing sulfonic acid groups or quaternary ammonium functional groups on copolymer backbones. 15,16 Generally, there are two types of ion exchange resins: gel and macroporous resins. 17,18 Using ion exchange resins as catalysts, catalysis takes place by diffusion, adsorption, and desorption processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biodiesel production using gel-type cation exchange resin at different ionic forms

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary In this study, a strong acidic‐type cation exchange resin was used in the transesterification of corn oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The gel‐type cation exchange resin (Purolite‐PD206) was used in H+ and Na+ forms to utilize ion‐exchange resin as effective heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel. Effect of ionic forms of ion exchange resin on free fatty acid (FFA) conversion and composition was investigated by using different amounts of ion exchange resin (12, 16, and 20 wt%), various mole ratios of methanol to oil (1:6, 1:12, and 1:18 mol/mol), reaction temperatures (63, 65, and 67°C), and reaction time (24, 36, and 48 h) during transesterification reaction. The highest FFA conversions of 73.5% and 79.45% were obtained at conditions of 20 wt% of catalyst, 65°C of reaction temperature, 18:1 as methanol to oil ratio, and 48 h of reaction time for H+ and Na+ forms of ion exchange resin, respectively. These results were obtained from regression equations established by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) model according to the experimental results of selected parameters. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that FAME is mainly composed of C16:0 (palmitic), C18:1 (oleic), and C18:2 (linoleic) acids of methyl ester.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ion exchange resins are constituted by copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) containing sulfonic acid groups or quaternary ammonium functional groups on copolymer backbones . Generally, there are two types of ion exchange resins: gel and macroporous resins …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using gel-type cation exchange resin at different ionic forms

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The density of alkaline sites was also studied for further understanding of the potential of materials as catalysts in the synthesis of methyl esters. According to Semwal et al 24 and Marwaha et al 25 , the synthesis of biodiesel using heterogeneous alkaline catalysts can lead to a greater conversion to FAME, as well as a reduction of production costs when compared with heterogeneous acid catalysts.…”

Section: The Magnetization Results Of the Sro/fe 3 O 4 Catalyst Indicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Materials Enriched with Strontium: a Study of the use as Catalysts in the Transesterification Reaction of Babassu Oil

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work described a new magnetic material enriched with strontium as catalyst to produce babassu biodiesel. The use of magnetic materials has attracted attention due to easy and fast separation from reaction medium. Moreover, they are ecologically correct, due to they generate less discards to the environment. Techniques of analysis and characterization were carried out to check the synthesis of magnetite and strontium ferrite, besides to verify the presence of hydroxide and carbonate in the structure of the strontium oxide. The best catalytic activities presented conversions of 78.6% and 89.7% when using the catalysts SrO/Fe 3 O 4 and SrO/SrFe 2 O 4 , respectively. Density studies of the alkali active sites were performed to elucidate the best activity for the catalyst composed with SrFe 2 O 4 .

show abstract

“…Both processes of separation and purification of catalyst from products are simplified [ 24 ] resulting in high-quality glycerol characterized by high purity [ 25 ]. The advantages of heterogeneous acid catalysts are lack of sensitivity to high FFA content and moisture, ease of catalyst recovery and simultaneous esterification followed by transesterification [ 25 ]. Solid-state acid catalysts contain many centers of different strength of Brønsted or Lewis acidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.

show abstract

An overview of solid base heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production

Cited by 69 publications

References 146 publications

Biodiesel production using gel-type cation exchange resin at different ionic forms

Biodiesel production using gel-type cation exchange resin at different ionic forms

Magnetic Materials Enriched with Strontium: a Study of the use as Catalysts in the Transesterification Reaction of Babassu Oil

Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About