An overview of platinum-based catalysts as methanol-resistant oxygen reduction materials for direct methanol fuel cells

Antolini, Ermete; Lopes, Thiago; González, Ernesto Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.077

Cited by 249 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Equation (3) indicates that the Gibbs free energy of formation of the alloy surface depends on the relative contents of Pt and Ni, and also on the chemical potential of oxygen. We note that under a high ΔμO, the alloy surface can be oxidized to surface oxides and even bulk oxides.…”

Section: Gibbs Free Energy Of Formation Of the Alloy Surface Under Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atomistic thermodynamics study of the structural evolution of the Pt3Ni(111) surface in an oxygen environment

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2013

Chinese Journal of Catalysis

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The structural evolution of the Pt3Ni(111) surface under oxidizing conditions was studied by ab initio atomistic thermodynamics. The thermodynamic phase diagram from Ni-rich to Pt-rich conditions with oxygen coverages up to one monolayer was constructed from their 560 possible surface structures. With an increase in the oxygen chemical potential, there were only two types of thermodynamically stable structures, which were a clean Pt-skin surface and a Ni-skin surface with chemisorbed oxygen, regardless of the underlying Pt-rich or Ni-rich conditions. Bimetallic surfaces with chemisorbed oxygen were only metastable. The detail analysis revealed that the structural evolution is determined by the factors of segregation cost, difference between oxygen-metal (Pt and Ni) bonding strength, and oxygen chemical potential.

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Section: Gibbs Free Energy Of Formation Of the Alloy Surface Under Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atomistic thermodynamics study of the structural evolution of the Pt3Ni(111) surface in an oxygen environment

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2013

Chinese Journal of Catalysis

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“…The use of methanol as a fuel has a few advantages in comparison to hydrogen. For example, methanol is an inexpensive liquid fuel which can be easily transported, stored and handled [1,2]. However, despite these advantages and progress made in the development of DMFCs, the performance is still limited due to the poor kinetics of both anode and cathode reaction and the methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side through the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite these advantages and progress made in the development of DMFCs, the performance is still limited due to the poor kinetics of both anode and cathode reaction and the methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side through the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) [3,4]. In many cases, this methanol crossover issue decreases the fuel cell efficiency and produces mixed currents due to methanol oxidation on the cathode side, resulting in cell voltage losses [2][3][4]. Moreover, the crossover effect in the DMFC membrane causes a further decrease in the cathode efficiency due to the occurrence of a mixed potential, which results from the competitive reaction between oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation on Pt cathode [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

et al. 2013

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An effective method was developed for preparing highly dispersed nano-sized Pt-Sn/C electrocatalyst synthesised by a modified polyol reduction method. From XRD patterns, the Pt-Sn/C peaks shifted slightly to lower 2θ angles when compared with commercial Pt/C catalyst, suggesting that Sn formed alloy with Pt. Based on HR-TEM images, the PtSn/C nanoparticles showed small particle sizes and well dispersed onto the carbon support with a narrow particle distribution. The methanol oxidation reaction on the asprepared Pt-Sn/C catalyst appeared at lower currents (+7.08 mA at +480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) compared to the commercial Pt/C (+8.25 mA at +480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) suggesting that the Pt-Sn/C catalyst has 'methanol tolerance capabilities'. Pt-Sn/C HA Slurry pH3 catalysts showed better activity towards the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) than commercial Pt/C which could be attributed to smaller particle sizes. In our study, the Pt-Sn/C catalyst appears to be a promising methanol-tolerant catalyst with activity towards the ORR in the DMFC. IntroductionIn recent years, considerable attention and R&D funding have been injected into direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technologies. There are a large number of applications for DMFCs especially in stationary devices, portable electrical devices and transportation [1]. The use of methanol as a fuel has a few advantages in comparison to hydrogen. For example, methanol is an inexpensive liquid fuel which can be easily transported, stored and handled [1,2]. However, despite these advantages and progress made in the development of DMFCs, the performance is still limited due to the poor kinetics of both anode and cathode reaction and the methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side through the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) [3,4]. In many cases, this methanol crossover issue decreases the fuel cell efficiency and produces mixed currents due to methanol oxidation on the cathode side, resulting in cell voltage losses [2][3][4]. Moreover, the crossover effect in the DMFC membrane causes a further decrease in the cathode efficiency due to the occurrence of a mixed potential, which results from the competitive reaction between oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation on Pt cathode [5]. To avoid this problem, one strategy is to modify the existing membranes or to develop novel membranes with less methanol permeability. Another approach is to develop methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts such as binary platinum alloys containing Co, Ni,. Various

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“…It is generally accepted that the process of methanol oxidation may be described by simplified mechanism [18]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt/Mo - Expanded Graphite Composite Derived from Graphite Intercalation Compound

Urbaniak

Skowroński

2010

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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In the present work, electrocatalytic properties of Pt-EG and Pt/Mo-EG composite electrodes are studied. These composites were prepared by a three-step synthesis. First, stage-1 HClO4-GIC was synthesized using the chronopotentiometric method. Then, HClO4-GIC was heat treated to obtain expanded graphite. Finally, expanded graphite was coated with platinum catalyst from a water-alcohol solution of H2PtCl6. MoCl5-GIC synthesized in parallel was subjected to thermal exfoliation to get Mo-EG composite onto which platinum catalyst was dispersed. The X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy were applied for characterizing the obtained GICs and EG-based composites, whereas cyclic voltammetry was used to study electrocatalytic properties of Pt/EG and Pt/Mo-EG composite electrodes in sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid admixed with methanol.

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An overview of platinum-based catalysts as methanol-resistant oxygen reduction materials for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 249 publications

References 60 publications

An atomistic thermodynamics study of the structural evolution of the Pt3Ni(111) surface in an oxygen environment

An atomistic thermodynamics study of the structural evolution of the Pt3Ni(111) surface in an oxygen environment

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

Investigation of Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt/Mo - Expanded Graphite Composite Derived from Graphite Intercalation Compound

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