An overview of plastic straw policies in the Americas

Neto, Arnaldo Mailes; Gomes, Thiago Santiago; Pertel, Mônica; Vieira, Louise A.V.P.; Pacheco, Élen Beatriz Acordi Vasques

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112813

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The chemical structures of CNC, SA-CNC, and BS-CNC were examined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Figure S1a-c, Supporting Information). BS-CNC exhibited the most intense methylene peak by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, which indicates that the CNC surface had been sequentially modified with SA and BD in the two-step esterification process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable, Water‐Resistant, Anti‐Fizzing, Polyester Nanocellulose Composite Paper Straws

et al. 2022

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Among plastic items, single-use straws are particularly detrimental to marine ecosystems because such straws, including those made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are sharp and extremely slowly degradable in the ocean. While paper straws are promising alternatives, they exhibit hydration-induced swelling even when coated with a non-degradable plastic coating and promote effervescence (fizzing) in soft drinks owing to their surface heterogeneities. In this study, upgraded paper straw is coated with poly(butylene succinate) cellulose nanocrystal (PBS/CNC) composites. CNC increases adhesion to paper owing to their similar chemical structures, optimizes crystalline PBS spherulites through effective nucleation, and reinforces the matrix through its anisotropic and rigid features. The straws are not only anti-fizzing when used with soft drinks owing to their homogeneous and seamless surface coatings, but also highly water-resistant and tough owing to their watertight surfaces. All degradable components effectively decompose under aerobic composting and in the marine environment. This technology contributes to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable, Water‐Resistant, Anti‐Fizzing, Polyester Nanocellulose Composite Paper Straws

et al. 2022

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“…The same document highlights that many disabled people have a need for plastic straws. The article states that environmental regulations can be useful for disabled people and for EE [144] but does not make the linkage that EE should teach about the issue of straws for disabled people, meaning it does not fit our pre-determined roles for disabled people within EE. However, if EE teaches about straw regulations, which are considered as part of environmental regulations, how-and whether-they teach about disabled people and straws might have an impact on disabled people; thus, this could potentially fit under EE impacting disabled people.…”

Section: Results Covering Disabled People In Relation To Ee In Releva...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage of Disabled People in Environmental-Education-Focused Academic Literature

Salvatore

Wolbring

2022

Sustainability

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Environmental education (EE) is a lifelong process to acquire knowledge and skills that can influence pro-environmental behavior, environmental activism, and disaster-risk management. Disabled people are impacted by environmental issues, environmental activism, and how EE is taught. Disabled people can be learners within EE but can contribute to EE in many other roles. Given the importance of EE and its potential impact on disabled people—and given that equity, diversity, and inclusion is an ever-increasing policy framework in relation to environment-focused disciplines and programs in academia and other workplaces, which also covers disabled people—we performed a scoping review of academic literature using Scopus and EBSCO-HOST (70 databases) as sources, to investigate how and to what extent disabled people are engaged with EE academic literature. Of the initial 73 sources found, only 27 contained relevant content whereby the content engaged mostly with disabled people as EE learners but rarely with other possible roles. They rarely discussed the EE impact on disabled people, did not engage with EE teaching about disabled people being impacted by environmental issues and discourses, and did not connect EE to environment-related action by disabled people. Results suggest the need for a more differentiated engagement with disabled people in the EE literature.

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“…The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises, and the public were promising technologies and management approaches that could solve the problem of single-use plastic waste [ 19 ].Although plastic straws account for a small fraction of urban garbage, they are also found in marine and coastal waste, resulting in policies to curb or ban improper disposal from the political perspective. Neto et al [ 20 ] aimed at surveying, categorizing, and analyzing the existing regulations on straw bans on the American continent (North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean). The result showed in Central America and the Caribbean, it is the regulations that are the primary tools providing environmental education.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Republic of Mauritius (Africa) banned several single-use plastics in early 2021, including plastic straws [ 36 ]. At the regional level, thirteen countries on the American continent enacted national regulations governing straws, including Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Santa Lucia [ 20 ]. Seattle (USA), a city that has historically had regulations governing the use of plastic packaging, initially excluding straws and single-use plastic cutlery, implemented a plastic straw ban in early July 2018.…”

Section: Policy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Strategy Analysis Based on the Multi-Stakeholder Game under the Plastic Straw Ban in China

Chen

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Since 1 January 2021, China has banned nondegradable disposable straws in the catering industry. To promote the enforcement of the ban of plastic straws and improve the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, based on the evolutionary game method, this paper constructs the game model from the supply side and the demand side, respectively. Subsequently, through the dynamic equation, stable system evolution strategy is obtained. Furthermore, simulation is conducted to test the influence of the main parameters in the model on the evolution of system strategy. The results show that (1) the change of the government strategy mainly depends on its regulation costs and revenue, while the production strategy of a company is affected by the government and consumer strategies. (2) From the perspective of enterprise supply, government subsidies can promote technological innovation and develop new plastic straw substitutes. However, government penalties have little effect on violating enterprises. In addition, from the perspective of enterprise demand, with the collaboration of enterprises and consumers, it is easier for enterprises to carry out technological innovation. (3) Consumer acceptance of the substitutes for disposable plastic straws as well as online comments have a decisive influence on the enterprises’ selections for research and development (R&D) strategies.

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An overview of plastic straw policies in the Americas

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Biodegradable, Water‐Resistant, Anti‐Fizzing, Polyester Nanocellulose Composite Paper Straws

Biodegradable, Water‐Resistant, Anti‐Fizzing, Polyester Nanocellulose Composite Paper Straws

Coverage of Disabled People in Environmental-Education-Focused Academic Literature

Behavior Strategy Analysis Based on the Multi-Stakeholder Game under the Plastic Straw Ban in China

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