An overview of particle number emission from direct injection SI engine in scope of new legislation rules

Olczyk, M.; Hejny, B.; Bielaczyc, Piotr

doi:10.19206/ce-116858

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In order to address these questions, and cover this gap in the literature, in this study we compare two identical CPCs in both single and photometric counting modes with different materials (graphite, silver) and different sizes. The results of this study are not useful only for vehicle exhaust emission measurements [17][18][19], but any other aerosol measurement field (e.g. nanomaterials, ambient air, work exposure) [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements

Giechaskiel¹,

Melas²,

Mamakos³

2023

Combustion Engines

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Condensation particle counters (CPCs) use light scattering to count particles after they have grown to micron size in a supersaturated environment. In single counting mode each particle is counted depending on whether the scattered light exceeds a threshold value or not. In photometric mode the total scattered light is converted in particle number concentration. While for laboratory grade particle number systems, CPCs are allowed to operate only in single counting mode, there is no such requirements for portable emissions measurements systems (PEMS) for real-driving emissions (RDE) testing or for instruments for periodic technical inspection (PTI) of vehicles. In this study two CPCs of the same model were assessed in single counting and photometric modes with silver and graphite particles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. The results showed that the concentration was measured accurately enough for particles in the 25 nm to 50 nm size range, but was underestimated and overestimated for smaller and larger particles, respectively. The key message is that the photometric mode should be avoided or calibrated in function of concentration and particle size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements

Giechaskiel¹,

Melas²,

Mamakos³

2023

Combustion Engines

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European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2019

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The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At the same time, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines started to become popular in the market due to their improved efficiency over port fuel injection (PFI) ones. However, the PM mass and number emissions of GDI vehicles were higher than their PFI counterparts and diesel ones equipped with DPFs. Stringent PM mass levels and the introduction of particle number limits for GDI vehicles in the European Union (EU) resulted in significant PM reductions. The EU requirement to fulfill the proposed limits on the road resulted to the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) in EU GDI models. This review summarizes the evolution of PM mass emissions from gasoline vehicles placed in the market from early 1990s until 2019 in different parts of the world. The analysis then extends to total and nonvolatile particle number emissions. Care is given to reveal the impact of ambient temperature on emission levels. The discussion tries to provide scientific input to the following policy-relevant questions. Whether particle number limits should be extended to gasoline PFI vehicles, whether the lower limit of 23 nm for particle number measurements should be decreased to 10 nm, and whether low ambient temperature tests for PM should be included.

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An overview of particle number emission from direct injection SI engine in scope of new legislation rules

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements

Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

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