An overview of open tubular liquid chromatography with a focus on the coupling with mass spectrometry for the analysis of small molecules

Medina, Deyber Arley Vargas; Santos, Natalia Gabrielly Pereira dos; Burato, Juliana Soares da Silva; Borsatto, João Victor Basolli; Lanças, Fernando Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461989

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Despite the well-recognized efficiency of EI-MS in generating ions, it must be used in combination with a sample introduction technique to ensure that vapor phase molecules reach the ion source [29]. In this case, EI coupled with GC has been tested since the 1960s.…”

Section: The Gc-ei-ms Hookupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

et al. 2022

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental technique to identify compounds by their mass-to-charge ratio. It is known that MS can only detect target compounds when they are converted to ions in the gas phase. The ionization procedure is considered one of the most critical steps, and there are distinct techniques for it. One of them is electron ionization (EI), a widely used hard-ionization technique capable of generating several ions due to the excess energy employed. The existence of distinct ionization mechanisms turns EI capable of producing a fingerprintlike spectrum for each molecule. So, it is an essential technique for obtaining structural information. EI is often combined with chromatography to obtain a practical introduction of pretreated samples despite its excellent performance. EI-MS has been applied coupled with gas chromatography (GC) since the 1960s as both are very compatible. Currently, analytes of interest are more suitable for liquid chromatography (LC) analysis, so there are researchers dedicated to developing suitable interfaces for coupling LC and EI-MS. EI excels, as a reliable technique to fill the gap between GC and LC, possibly allowing them to coexist in a single instrument. In this work, the authors will present the fundamentals of EI-MS, emphasizing the development over the years, coupling with gas and LC, and future trends.

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Section: The Gc-ei-ms Hookupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

et al. 2022

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“…Recent advances in micro-LC, capillary-LC, and nano-LC systems have yet to be applied to forensic research. They can offer increased efficiency, peak capacity, separation speed, and could prove useful in forensic studies [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Discussed below are noteworthy LC instrumental/system advances that have the potential to either improve current research or to be applicable in unexplored areas of forensic science.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most micro-LC, capillary-LC, and nano-LC applications have utilized packed columns, it has been shown that open tubular (OT) column applications have the potential to provide superior chromatographic performance and more favorable MS detection conditions, however, OT-LC is underdeveloped compared to miniaturized packed columns used in micro-LC, capillary-LC, and nano-LC applications [36]. Operating with reduced column id (<150 μm), OT-LC exhibits improved LOD, and when coupled to ESI-MS it has been generally accepted in the separation of proteomic and similar complex mixtures [36]. In this regard, Yang et al [37] has shown the high resolving power of OT-LC by elevating the column temperature to increase efficiency, peak capacity, and separation speed.…”

Section: Instrumental Advancements-columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis

Langford

Lurie

2021

J of Separation Science

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The use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography systems for forensic analysis has excellent potential. In a field where sample size is often limited, several studies have presented the viability of capillary columns with microflow and nanoflow, and when using mass spectrometric analysis limits of detection can be improved. Reduction in flow rates result in significant reduction in operating costs. Recent advances in miniaturized liquid chromatography systems also aim at in-laboratory and on-site detection, which have already been applied to forensic drug cases. This critical review will discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of microflow and nano liquid chromatography. In this regard, included in this article is a discussion of some promising areas not yet applied to forensic research.

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“…Open‐tubular LC (OT‐LC) uses a chromatographic coating on the walls of narrow inner diameter columns [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. OT‐LC separations may offer advantages such as low sample and consumable requirements, zero backflow, and no column clogging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral separation using cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in open‐tubular liquid chromatography with a pseudophase coating

Quirino

2022

J of Separation Science

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The chiral separation of various analytes (dichlorprop, mecoprop, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen) was demonstrated with different cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in open-tubular liquid chromatography using a stationary pseudophase semipermanent coating. The stable coating was prepared by a successive multiple ionic layer approach using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polystyrene sulfonate, and didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide. Increasing concentrations (0-0.2 mM) of various native and derivatized cyclodextrins in 25 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) were investigated. Chiral separation was achieved for the four test analytes using 0.05-0.1 mM β-cyclodextrin (resolution between 1.11 and 1.34), γ-cyclodextrin (resolution between 0.78 and 1.27), carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (resolution between 1.64 and 2.59), and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (resolution between 0.71 and 1.76) with the highest resolutions obtained with 0.1 mM carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin. %RSD values were <10%. This is the first demonstration of chiral open-tubular liquid chromatography using achiral chromatographic coatings and cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives.

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An overview of open tubular liquid chromatography with a focus on the coupling with mass spectrometry for the analysis of small molecules

Cited by 25 publications

References 117 publications

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?

Use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis

Chiral separation using cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in open‐tubular liquid chromatography with a pseudophase coating

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