Use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis

Abstract

The use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography systems for forensic analysis has excellent potential. In a field where sample size is often limited, several studies have presented the viability of capillary columns with microflow and nanoflow, and when using mass spectrometric analysis limits of detection can be improved. Reduction in flow rates result in significant reduction in operating costs. Recent advances in miniaturized liquid chromatography systems also aim at in-laboratory and on-site detection, which have already been applied to forensic drug cases. This critical review will discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of microflow and nano liquid chromatography. In this regard, included in this article is a discussion of some promising areas not yet applied to forensic research.

Dilute‐and‐shoot approach for determination of several biomarkers and pharmaceuticals in wastewater using nanoflow liquid chromatography – Orbitrap mass spectrometry

“…The use of nanoflow LC (nano-LC) in environmental sample analysis has been limited so far, however, it may provide several important advantages over other types of chromatography [16]. Typically, the use of nano-LC reduces the number of sample preparation steps and decreases MEs while simultaneously improving the sensitivity due to the reduced inner diameter of the analytical column and lower chromatographic dilution [17][18][19].…”

A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography

“…Liquid chromatography (LC) systems have become a mainstay in analytical chemistry, being widely used to separate, identify, and quantify with high precision components in a mixture [1,2], with applications in pharmaceuticals analysis [3], forensics [4], environmental [5] and food analysis [6], to name just a few. Typical systems rely on pumps to pass pressurized solvents (also referred to as the mobile phases) in which the sample mixture of interest is injected through a column filled with packed adsorbent particles.…”