An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

Caru, Maxime; Levesque, Ariane; Lalonde, François; Curnier, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.01.008

Cited by 44 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby brief cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion induced by inflating and deflating a blood pressure cuff protect the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and other tissues against ischemia and other forms of stress (Przyklenk et al, 1993;Gurke et al, 2000), however, the mechanism of this protection is far from being completely understood. The effectiveness of IPC has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (Candilio et al, 2013) and in recreational and professional athletes [for reviews see: (Incognito et al, 2016;Horiuchi, 2017;Caru et al, 2019)]. According to several studies, IPC increases the performance during anaerobic and aerobic exercise, and reduces exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (Franz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to several studies, IPC increases the performance during anaerobic and aerobic exercise, and reduces exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (Franz et al, 2018). Conversely, some studies demonstrated lack of IPC effect on performance (Incognito et al, 2016;Horiuchi, 2017;Caru et al, 2019) as well as some participants are classified as nonresponders for the IPC effect (Franz et al, 2017). Consequently, identifying the molecular mechanism of IPC-induced ischemia and other stress protection might be crucial to the understanding of adaptation to exercise, as well as physiological limits of human performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Participation in a long-distance run, e.g., marathon or ultramarathon, continues to increase. One side effect of long-distance running is excessive inflammation manifested by the rise in inflammatory cytokine levels. We here aimed to elucidate the effects of 10-day ischemic preconditioning (IPC) training on marathon-induced inflammation and to evaluate the role of serum-stored iron in this process. The study involved 19 recreational runners taking part in a marathon. IPC training was performed in the course of four cycles, by inflating and deflating a blood pressure cuff at 5-min intervals (IPC group, n = 10); the control group underwent sham training (n = 9). The levels of inflammatory and others markers (FSTL-1, IL-6, IL-15, leptin, resistin, TIMP-1, OSM, and LIF) were measured before and 24 h after training; and before, immediately after, and 24 h and 7 day after the marathon. The 10-day IPC training increased serum leptin levels. IL-6, IL-10, FLST-1, and resistin levels were increased, while TIMP-1 levels were decreased in all runners after the marathon. The changes were significantly blunted in runners from the IPC group compared with the control group. Baseline serum iron levels correlated with IL-6 and FSTL-1 levels; serum ferritin correlated with IL-6, FSTL-1, and resistin levels after the marathon. Conversely, serum TIMP-1 levels inversely correlated with serum iron levels. Although not evident at baseline, IPC training significantly reduced marathon-induced inflammation. In addition, the reduced responsiveness and attenuation of running-induced inflammation were inversely related to baseline serum iron and ferritin levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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“…In the cardiac muscle, inducible PGE 2 (via Cox-2) plays an important role in late-phase ischemic preconditioning, which protects the heart from potentially catastrophic outcomes from ischemia [29]. External ischemic preconditioning is considered to be an effective intervention for improving exercise performance [30,31], suggesting that exercise-mediated elevations in PGE 2 may contribute to a desirable adaptation of muscle to exercise stress. Indeed, PGE 2 plays a role in protein synthesis in skeletal muscles following exhaustive eccentric leg exercise in recreationally active human males [32], likely due in part to the stimulatory effect of PGE 2 on the muscle stem-cell function [31], which is impaired in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Time Course of Inflammatory Biomarkers Following a One-Hour Exercise Bout in Canines: A Pilot Study

Pearson

Pezzali

Donadelli

et al. 2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: The purpose of this study is to generate preliminary data on the inflammatory effects of an hour of hunting in dogs. Four basset hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for one hour. Blood samples were obtained before exercise and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h after the end of the exercise for analysis of markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE 2 . Following the peak, PGE 2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE 2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress.Abstract: There is little information available to describe the inflammatory consequences of and recovery from moderate-intensity exercise bouts in hunting dogs. The purpose of the current study is to generate pilot data on the appearance and disappearance of biomarkers of inflammation and inflammation resolution following a typical one-hour exercise bout in basset hounds. Four hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for approximately one hour. Venous blood samples were obtained before the exercise and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h following cessation of exercise and were analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation (prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE 2 . Following this peak, PGE 2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE 2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress.

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“…The application of IPC can increase blood flow in skeletal muscles [17], liver [18], heart [19], and kidneys [20]. This intervention was initially developed to reduce the myocardial damage caused by sustained ischemia [21]; however, IPC affects exercise performance [16,22,23] by improving muscle oxygenation and blood flow to active tissues and organs [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the hypothesis that IPC may increase heart blood flow and post-reperfusion muscle performance, skeletal muscle research has been initiated by associating IPC with physical exercise [16,[22][23][24]. A few studies have verified the effect of IPC on blood pressure response after exercise, and some studies have verified the effects of IPC applied before cycling tests [22,23] and in running [25], but did not present significant acute reductions in post-exercise blood pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Preconditioning Promotes Post-Exercise Hypotension in a Session of Resistance Exercise in Normotensive Trained Individuals

Panza

Novaes

Telles

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a method that has been used prior to resistance exercise to improve performance. However, little is known about its effect before a resistance exercise training session on hemodynamic responses. Thus, the aim of the study was to verify the acute effect of IPC before a session of resistance exercises on the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) of trained normotensive trained individuals. Sixteen men (25.3 ± 1.7 years; 78.4 ± 6.2 kg; 176.9 ± 5.4 cm, 25.1 ± 1.5 m2.kg−1) trained in resistance exercise (RE) (5.0 ± 1.7 years) were evaluated in five sessions on non-consecutive days. The first two sessions’ subjects performed one repetition maximum (RM) test and retest, and for the next three sessions, they performed the experimental protocols: (a) IPC + RE; (b) SHAM + RE; (c) RE. The RE protocol consisted of six multi-joint exercises, three sets at 80% of 1RM until concentric failure. Blood pressure was monitored pre-session, immediately after and every 10 min for 60 min after RE. IPC consisted of 4 × 5 min of vascular occlusion/reperfusion at 220 mmHg. SHAM (fake protocol) consisted of 20 mmHg of vascular occlusion/reperfusion. The IPC + RE protocol showed significant reductions on SBP, DBP, and MBP compared with SHAM + RE (p < 0.05) and with RE (p < 0.05). The IPC + RE protocol presented a greater magnitude and duration of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) from 20 to 60 min after exercise in SBP (−11 to 14 mmHg), DBP (−5 to 14 mmHg), and MBP (−7 to 13 mmHg). Therefore, we can conclude that the application of IPC before an RE session potentiated the PEH in normotensive individuals trained in resistance exercise.

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An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

Cited by 44 publications

References 76 publications

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation

The Time Course of Inflammatory Biomarkers Following a One-Hour Exercise Bout in Canines: A Pilot Study

Ischemic Preconditioning Promotes Post-Exercise Hypotension in a Session of Resistance Exercise in Normotensive Trained Individuals

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