An Overview of Interdigitated Microwave Resonance Sensors for Liquid Samples Permittivity Detection

Abstract

Microwave sensors based on electrically small planar resonant elements are investigated in this season. Due to the high sensitivity of these resonators to the properties of their environment, especially the dielectric constant and the loss coefficient, these sensors are of particular importance for the dielectric characterization of solids and liquids and for measuring the composition of materials. This chapter also deals the main advantages and limitations of planar microwave resonant sensors, and several prototypes are reported, mainly including sensors for measuring the dielectric properties of solids, and sensors based on microfluidics (useful for liquid characterization and liquid composition). The proposed sensors have great potential for use in real scenarios (including industrial processes and characterization of bio-samples).

A symmetric bar chart-shape microwave sensor with high Q-factor for permittivity determination of fluidics

“…The SBCS is implemented by etch of special slot patterns in the microstrip line structure or it is created using a bar chart-shape structure. It indicates the properties of slow wave and rejection of microwaves in special frequencies which are similar to the structure of defected ground but no change has been made to the ground plane [13, 64, 65].…”

Planar substrate integrated waveguide‐based resonators and its usage to compact X‐band small phase noise oscillator

“…Some of the most significant purposes in resonator design are light cost, low loss, high-quality factor, and miniaturized. 22,23 SIW resonators possess more qualityfactor and lower loss in comparison with microstrip resonators. According to, [24][25][26] three X-band SIW resonators are designed, fabricated, and measured.…”

Microwave Split Ring Resonator Sensor for Determination of the Fluids Permittivity With Measurement of Human Milk Samples

“…One of the great applications is the use of permittivity for the health of food at different temperatures. For example, measurement of the transported frozen foods over long distances (Llave & Erdogdu, 2020) or is investigation of frying oil harmful at high temperature (Albishi et al., 2021; Kiani et al., 2021a, 2021b; Segatin et al., 2020; Suchorab et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021). Also some companies use from the permittivity for investigation of ripe fruits quality (Kent, 1996; Silva Júnior et al., 2020; Valagiannopoulos, 2008; Zhang et al., 2020).…”

“…A variety of methods have been created to improve sensitivity and Q-factor (Kiani, Rezaei, Karami, & Sadeghzadeh, 2018;Kiani, Rezaei, Navaei, & Abrishamian, 2018). The sensors have many uses such as determination of blood glucose levels (Kiani et al, 2019(Kiani et al, , 2021a(Kiani et al, , 2021b, investigation of the milk quality (Lonappan et al, 2006) and detection of liquids impurities (Abduljabar et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Hysell et al, 2019;Kayal et al, 2020;Kiani et al, 2020;Srisai & Harnsoongnoen, 2021).…”