An Overview of Immunologic Adjuvants - A Review

Aiyer, Harini

doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000167

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fatty acids are essential substrates for cell energy metabolism, which provide energy for various host organs such as the heart and liver (Bahurmiz & Ng, 2007). Additionally, palm oil also contains vitamin E and saponin, which were previously reported as active ingredients to enhance cell‐mediated immunity and antibody production (Aiyer‐Harini et al., 2013). It is interesting to note that grouper, Epinephelus coioides , performance and whole‐body proximate compositions were unaffected by the nutritional supplementation with palm oil, which led to maximal growth (Qin et al., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immuno‐transcriptome response in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) hindgut following vaccination with feed‐based bivalent vaccine

Ali,

Ngalimat,

Saad

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Streptococcosis and aeromoniasis are the main obstacles to sustainable tilapia production. Vaccination offered an effective method to control microbial infections. Previously, a feed‐based bivalent vaccine (FBBV) containing killed whole organisms of Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila mixed with 10% palm oil was successfully developed, which provided good protection against streptococcosis and aeromoniasis in Oreochromis sp. However, the mechanisms of immunities in vaccinated fish still need clarification. Here, the hindgut transcriptome of vaccinated and control fish was determined, as the gut displays higher affinity towards antigen uptake and nutrient absorption. The efficacy of FBBV to improve fish immunity was evaluated according to the expression of immune‐related genes in the vaccinated fish hindgut throughout the 8‐week experimental period using RT‐qPCR. The vaccinated fish hindgut at week 6 was further subjected to transcriptomic analysis due to the high expression of immune‐related genes and contained killed whole organisms. Results demonstrated the expression of immune‐related genes was in correlation with the presence of killed whole organisms in the vaccinated fish hindgut. Transcriptomic analysis has allowed the prediction of robust immune‐related pathways, including innate and adaptive immunological responses in vaccinated fish hindgut than control fish. Pathways related to the regulation of lipid metabolism and modulation of the immune system were also significantly enriched (p ≤ .05). Overall, results offer a fundamental study on understanding the immunological response in Oreochromis sp. following vaccination with the FBBV pellet and support further application to prevent bacterial diseases in aquaculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immuno‐transcriptome response in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) hindgut following vaccination with feed‐based bivalent vaccine

Ali,

Ngalimat,

Saad

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Adjuvants are added to vaccines to improve the vaccine-derived immunogenicity. Aluminum hydroxide as a mineral component adjuvant is widely used with high effi cacy that induces early, high-titer, and long-lasting protective immunity (3). Its mechanism of action is through slow releasing of the antigen at the injection site, activating complements and dendritic cells and inducing chemokines (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with tetanus toxoid

Ghalavand¹,

Saadati²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2018

BLL

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“…Most vaccines consist of 2 important parts: antigens and adjuvants (1). The word adjuvant is derived from the Latin word "Adjuvare" which means aid or help (1,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The rational of using adjuvants in the formulation of vaccines is to increase the immunogenicity of antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an effective preventive vaccine against HBV has been used globally, still this infection is considered as a leading cause of death worldwide. Most vaccines consist of 2 important parts: antigens and adjuvants (1). The word adjuvant is derived from the Latin word "Adjuvare" which means aid or help (1,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Responses of Mice Immunized with HBsAg Formulated in Naloxone/Alum Mixture: Comparison to Fendrix Vaccine

et al. 2017

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the lack of sufficient immune response in whole population, several studies have been conducted to improve the efficacy of alum-based HBV vaccine. Here, naloxone/alum mixture as adjuvant was used for the hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg vaccine and immune parameters evaluated in immunized mice. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of naloxone/alum mixture for the HBsAg vaccine and comparing to Fendrix vaccine. Methods: Female Balb/c mice were vaccinated at day 0, 14, and 28 with alum-based vaccine or naloxone/alum mixture vaccine in different doses. Naloxone/alum vaccine groups received a dose of 3, 6, or 10 mg/kg of naloxone (NLX) in the vaccine formulation. One group received routine HBsAg alum vaccine and another group received Fendrix vaccine. Some groups received naloxone plus HBsAg without alum and a group received HBsAg without adjuvant. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), naloxone, and alum were also injected into the control groups separately. Finally, the naloxone/alum formulated vaccine was compared with the Fendrix and routine alum-based vaccine with respect to the levels of total anti-HBS antibody, IFN-γ, IL-4, IgG1, IgG2a, and the level of lymphocyte proliferation. Results:The level of total anti-HBS antibody in naloxone formulated vaccine was comparable with Fendrix. Meanwhile, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio level was significantly higher in naloxone formulated vaccine groups versus mere vaccine group. IgG2a was also higher in the naloxone formulated vaccine groups. Conclusions: Based on the data presented in the present study, it was found that naloxone/alum mixture has the ability to shift the immune response towards Th1 pattern and potentially increase immunity against infections.

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An Overview of Immunologic Adjuvants - A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Expression of immuno‐transcriptome response in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) hindgut following vaccination with feed‐based bivalent vaccine

Expression of immuno‐transcriptome response in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) hindgut following vaccination with feed‐based bivalent vaccine

Immunological evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with tetanus toxoid

Immune Responses of Mice Immunized with HBsAg Formulated in Naloxone/Alum Mixture: Comparison to Fendrix Vaccine

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