An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

Abstract

The increase in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is one of the most important problems in the world. Decreasing GHG emissions will be a big challenge in the future. The transportation sector uses a significant part of petroleum production in the world, and this leads to an increase in the emission of GHG. The result of this issue is that the population of the world befouls the environment by the transportation system automatically. Electric Vehicles (EV) have the potential to solve a big part of GHG emission and energy efficiency issues such as the stability and reliability of energy. Therefore, the EV and grid relation is limited to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) function. Consequently, the grid has temporary energy storage in EVs’ batteries and electricity in exchange for fossil energy in vehicles. The energy actors and their research teams have determined some targets for 2050; hence, they hope to decrease the world temperature by 6 °C, or at least by 2 °C in the normal condition. Fulfilment of these scenarios requires suitable grid infrastructure, but in most countries, the grid does not have a suitable background to apply in those scenarios. In this paper, some problems regarding energy scenarios, energy storage systems, grid infrastructure and communication systems in the supply and demand side of the grid are reviewed.

Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid

“…Reference [2], entitled "An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology", by a group of authors, Harighi et al from Turkey, Denmark, Norway and USA, presented important issues about energy scenarios, storage systems and the infrastructure of the grid related to vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. The scenarios, policies and targets of the governments and agencies of the world for lower greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and high-energy efficiency had also been suggested.…”

“…The proposed special issue has invited submissions related to energy storage, power converters and e-drive systems for electrified transportation and smart grid [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The particular topics of interest include: Integration of Internet of Things (IoT) into E-transportation.…”

Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems

“…At present, the battery system is one of the most demandable and critical components of the EV system. Main issues include their weight, price, capacity, energy density, lifetime or degradation, electrical parameters, and dimensions [39][40][41][42][43]. For all of this, EV batteries' market segment is rapidly developing and increasing, and manufacturers and e-mobility stakeholders are conscious that batteries are crucial for the sector to be further development [1,39].…”

Development of Experimental Apparatus for Fire Resistance Test of Rechargeable Energy Storage System in xEV

“…The global market share of electric-powered vehicles (xEV) has been gradually increasing due to tightened regulations on environmental pollution, climate change caused by greenhouse gases, and the need for alternative energy resources [1,2]. According to a typical scenario of the International Energy Agency, the annual sales of xEV will be about 65 million by 2050 in major global markets including North America, Europe, China, India, and Pacific regions [1]. If ambitious policies are continuously introduced to meet more challenging climate goals, the market volume of light-duty xEV is predicted to grow to 220 million in 2030 [2].…”