An overview of current safety requirements for autonomous machines – review of standards

Tiusanen, Risto; Malm, Timo; Ronkainen, Ari

doi:10.1515/eng-2020-0074

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This new standard includes detailed requirements for the use of mobile robots. It defines "Automatic mode" as an operating mode where no operator intervention is required for operation (Tiusanen et al, 2020). The standard is not limited to indoors applications but may become more generic to fit outdoors use as well.…”

Section: K 529mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the level of safety depends on the severity of the potential injury (minor, severe -irreversible or fatal), the frequency of exposure (rare and short term, frequent or permanent and long term) and the risk of risk avoidance under certain conditions or but rarely). Some examples of the required PLs of safety-related parts of control systems according to ISO 13849-1 can be listed as follows (Tiusanen et al, 2020)…”

Section: K 529mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This new standard includes detailed requirements for the use of mobile robots. It defines “Automatic mode” as an operating mode where no operator intervention is required for operation (Tiusanen et al. , 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transferring artificial intelligence practices between collaborative robotics and autonomous driving

Zorman

Žlahtič

Stradovnik

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeCollaborative robotics and autonomous driving are fairly new disciplines, still with a long way to go to achieve goals, set by the research community, manufacturers and users. For technologies like collaborative robotics and autonomous driving, which focus on closing the gap between humans and machines, the physical, psychological and emotional needs of human individuals becoming increasingly important in order to ensure effective and safe human–machine interaction. The authors' goal was to conceptualize ways to combine experience from both fields and transfer artificial intelligence knowledge from one to another. By identifying transferable meta-knowledge, the authors will increase quality of artificial intelligence applications and raise safety and contextual awareness for users and environment in both fields.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors presented autonomous driving and collaborative robotics and autonomous driving and collaborative robotics' connection to artificial intelligence. The authors continued with advantages and challenges of both fields and identified potential topics for transferrable practices. Topics were divided into three time slots according to expected research timeline.FindingsThe identified research opportunities seem manageable in the presented timeline. The authors' expectation was that autonomous driving and collaborative robotics will start moving closer in the following years and even merging in some areas like driverless and humanless transport and logistics.Originality/valueThe authors' findings confirm the latest trends in autonomous driving and collaborative robotics and expand them into new research and collaboration opportunities for the next few years. The authors' research proposal focuses on those that should have the most positive impact to safety, complement, optimize and evolve human capabilities and increase productivity in line with social expectations. Transferring meta-knowledge between fields will increase progress and, in some cases, cut some shortcuts in achieving the aforementioned goals.

show abstract

Section: K 529mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: K 529mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transferring artificial intelligence practices between collaborative robotics and autonomous driving

Zorman

Žlahtič

Stradovnik

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As the autonomy of mobile machinery increases, also specific safety standards are being established. However, often there is a gap between requirements of these standards and state-of-the-art, which complicates more gradual paths to develop a system [34]. Within the European Union, laws such as the Machine Directive and national laws for protection of human safety are complemented by ISO and IEC standards that describe general design principles, cover aspects for a wide range of machinery or deal with particular machines [17].…”

Section: Safety Standards For Driverless Industrial Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Interaction of Automated Forklifts and Humans at Blind Corners in a Warehouse with Infrastructure Sensors

Drabek

Kosmalska

Weiss

et al. 2021

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Co-working and interaction of automated systems and humans in a warehouse is a significant challenge of progressing industrial systems' autonomy. Especially, blind corners pose a critical scenario, in which infrastructure-based sensors can provide more safety. The automation of vehicles is usually tied to an argument on improved safety. However, current standards still rely on the awareness of humans to avoid collisions, which is limited at corners with occlusion. Based on the examination of blind corner scenarios in a warehouse, we derive the relevant critical situations. We propose an architecture that uses infrastructure sensors to prevent human-robot collisions at blind corners with respect to automated forklifts. This includes a safety critical function using wireless communication, which sporadically might be unavailable or disturbed. Therefore, the proposed architecture is able to mitigate these faults and gracefully degrades performance if required. Within our extensive evaluation, we use a warehouse simulation to verify our approach and to estimate the impact on an automated forklift's performance.

show abstract

“…In a final thesis, first approaches for test scenarios for the validation of autonomous field robots with non-contact sensor systems were developed in 2015 [ 4 ]. Tiusanen et al [ 5 ] give an overview of the current state of safety requirements for autonomous machines and show three different approaches for a safety concept. Basu et al [ 6 ] shed light directly on the legal situation for the operation of small agricultural robots and Ingibergsson [ 7 ] developed a rule-based language to force safety requirements on cameras and computer vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting Persons by Sensor Systems on Autonomous Agricultural Robotics

Meltebrink

Ströer²,

Wegmann³

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an essential part for the development of autonomous agricultural robotics, the functional safety of autonomous agricultural machines is largely based on the functionality and robustness of non-contact sensor systems for human protection. This article presents a new step in the development of autonomous agricultural machine with a concept and the realization of a novel test method using a dynamic test stand on an agricultural farm in outdoor areas. With this test method, commercially available sensor systems are tested in a long-term test around the clock for 365 days a year and 24 h a day on a dynamic test stand in continuous outdoor use. A test over a longer period of time is needed to test as much as possible all occurring environmental conditions. This test is determined by the naturally occurring environmental conditions. This fact corresponds to the reality of unpredictable/determinable environmental conditions in the field and makes the test method and test stand so unique. The focus of the developed test methods is on creating own real environment detection areas (REDAs) for each sensor system, which can be used to compare and evaluate the autonomous human detection of the sensor systems for the functional safety of autonomous agricultural robots with a humanoid test target. Sensor manufacturers from industry and the automotive sector provide their sensor systems to have their sensors tested in cooperation with the TÜV.

show abstract

An overview of current safety requirements for autonomous machines – review of standards

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Transferring artificial intelligence practices between collaborative robotics and autonomous driving

Transferring artificial intelligence practices between collaborative robotics and autonomous driving

Safe Interaction of Automated Forklifts and Humans at Blind Corners in a Warehouse with Infrastructure Sensors

Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting Persons by Sensor Systems on Autonomous Agricultural Robotics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About