SAE Technical Paper Series 1997
DOI: 10.4271/970688
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An Overview of Current CVT Mechanisms, Forces and Efficiencies

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Cited by 20 publications
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“…θ , which as shown in equation (86) has a pivotal influence on both the SCR NOx reduction and SCR ammonia slip, but cannot be measured by any sensors. The other variable is the actual NOx concentration in the presence of NH3 due to the NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity.…”
Section: Nhmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…θ , which as shown in equation (86) has a pivotal influence on both the SCR NOx reduction and SCR ammonia slip, but cannot be measured by any sensors. The other variable is the actual NOx concentration in the presence of NH3 due to the NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity.…”
Section: Nhmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other variable is the actual NOx concentration in the presence of NH3 due to the NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity. In [65]- [67], sliding-mode observers and gain-scheduled observer were developed based on the SCR control-oriented models like the one in equation (86) to estimate the SCR ammonia coverage ratio in real-time. Simulations and indirect experimental measurements were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of such observers.…”
Section: Nhmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…CVTs primarily differ in the type of variator used: commonly the belt type [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], but also hydrostatic [11][12][13], traction [14][15][16], and electric (e-CVT) [17][18][19] ones, based on the ability of variable speed electric machines to continuously change their shaft speed from zero to an arbitrary required speed. Infinitely variable transmissions [20][21][22][23] have been successfully applied as vehicle transmission.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Continuously variable transmissions (CVT) enable the engine to operate in a wide range of speed and load conditions independently from the speed and load requests of the vehicle [4]. This feature allows the engine to operate in the optimal region virtually independent of the vehicle speed to maximize the fuel efficiency.…”
Section: Oncoming Clutchmentioning
confidence: 99%