An Overview for Modern Energy-Efficient Solutions for Lunar and Martian Habitats Made Based on Geopolymers Composites and 3D Printing Technology

Abstract

Space missions will require the capability to build structures on site using local resources. Before 2040, NASA and the European Space Agency want to ensure the possibility of a permanent human residence in shelters on the Moon or Mars. The article analyzed the state of the art in this area based on the literature research. It shows innovative and energy efficient solutions for manufacturing the lunar and Martian shelters based on geopolymer composites. Firstly, the possible materials solutions, with particular attention to the geopolymer composites, are discussed. Next, the previous research is presented, including work based on different kinds of simulants of lunar and Martian regolith. Then, a different approach for manufacturing technologies is presented and the advantages of 3D printing technology are clarified. Eventually, the challenges for further projects are discussed, including energy and cost efficiency problems.

3D Printing and Design in Isolation: A Case from a Simulated Lunar Mission

“…For translating the model they used PrusaSlicer. This practice of equipping isolated labs with 3D printers is established, as 3D printing is looked at as one of the alternative ways of providing necessary equipment to both analog and real astronauts [5], In this study we were interested in the experience and best practices for becoming more familiar and efficient with 3D printing when exposed both to it, and to clear areas of need resulting from unique circumstances. We facilitated this process with a 3D printing workshop, which was conducted by the crew member most experienced with 3D printing, as part of the regular sessions that were included in the day's schedule.…”

Green Building Materials for Circular Economy - Geopolymer Foams

“…The current trends observed in the construction market emphasize the importance of developing multifunctional materials that serve an additional purpose alongside their structural properties. For instance, this material could provide thermal insulation [1][2]. The next anticipated achievement involves the development of intelligent materials, which will process the capability to control specific material parameters [2][3].…”

“…For instance, this material could provide thermal insulation [1][2]. The next anticipated achievement involves the development of intelligent materials, which will process the capability to control specific material parameters [2][3]. Moreover, these materials can exhibit additional functions or features, such as promoting a positive environmental impact or accumulating electricity [3][4][5].…”

“…The significance of additional materials features is particularly pronounced in the context of optimizing the management of raw materials and facilitating the transition from a global economy to a circular economy. It is noted that the construction industry is one of the sectors that have a significant impact on waste generation and pollution [2][3][4][5][6], therefore, the use of waste materials and low-carbon footprint materials is becoming increasingly important. The present technology used for Portland cement production, which has been inherited from the 20th century, suffers from various drawbacks [6].…”

Residual Properties of Geopolymer Concrete for Post-Fire Evaluation of Structures

“…This reduced porosity can potentially result in lower water absorption and improved freeze-thaw resistance [6]. However, the specific performance under freeze-thaw conditions can vary based on the specific geopolymer mix design, curing conditions, and other factors [22]. Geopolymer binders generally exhibit good thermal stability compared to traditional cement-based binders.…”