An overview and prospective on Al and Al-ion battery technologies

AlCl3‐Saturated Ionic Liquid Anolyte with an Excess of AlCl3 for Al–Graphite Dual‐Ion Batteries

“…In a search for inexpensive, large‐scale stationary storage of electricity, non‐aqueous Al‐graphite dual‐ion batteries (AGDIBs) have attracted recently much attention due to the high natural abundances of their primary constituents, the long cycle life of up to a quarter of a million cycles, the high energy efficiency of 80–90 % and facile manufacturing [1–8] . While recent research efforts on AGDIBs have been mainly focused on the judicious selection of carbonaceous cathode materials, leading to the most notable advances in the performance of AGDIBs, [9–27] the major challenge with such batteries is that they lag behind Li‐ion batteries in theoretical cell‐level energy density.…”

Exploring Aluminum‐Ion Insertion into Magnesium‐Doped Manjiroite (MnO2) Nanorods in Aqueous Solution

“…[1] To date Li ion batteries have dominated the sector but there are significant efforts in undertaking new approaches and developing new technologies such as organic and inorganic redox flow batteries [2][3] and going beyond traditional Li ion batteries such as potassium and sodium ion batteries [4][5] and multivalent ion batteries based on Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe and in particular Al. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The use of multivalent ion batteries is attractive because the multivalent ions in the electrolyte can transport more electrons per cation with a comparable amount of ion storage compared to Li ions. [14] Al ion batteries in particular have been identified as a promising new technology due to the numerous potential benefits of employing Al ions and/or Al metal as the anode material such as having a large theoretical volumetric capacity of 8046 mAh/ml, low cost, and natural abundance.…”

“…For the latter, large scale battery storage has been demonstrated by numerous pilot studies as well as commercially viable installations [1] . To date Li ion batteries have dominated the sector but there are significant efforts in undertaking new approaches and developing new technologies such as organic and inorganic redox flow batteries [2–3] and going beyond traditional Li ion batteries such as potassium and sodium ion batteries [4–5] and multivalent ion batteries based on Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe and in particular Al [6–13] . The use of multivalent ion batteries is attractive because the multivalent ions in the electrolyte can transport more electrons per cation with a comparable amount of ion storage compared to Li ions [14]…”

A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes

“…The aluminium ion battery (AIB) system is promising as it is based on highly abundant materials, combines high charge/discharge rates and long cycle lives with non-toxic and non-flammable materials. [1][2][3] AIBs employ an Al anode and typically a graphite cathode. Other cathode materials were examined as well, [4,5] but graphite systems are currently the most mature technology.…”

“…Other cathode materials were examined as well, [4,5] but graphite systems are currently the most mature technology. [2,6] The electrolyte is a type I deep eutectic solvent, commonly called an ionic liquid (IL), or a type IV deep eutectic solvent (DES), also known as an ionic liquid analogue (ILA). Typically, imidazolium chloride (for IL), urea or acetamide (DES) are mixed with AlCl 3 to form an eutectic solution containing the anionic species AlCl 4 À and Al 2 Cl 7 À .…”