A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes

Jach, Franziska; Wassner, Maximilian; Bamberg, Max; Brendler, Erica; Frisch, Gero; Wunderwald, U.; Friеdrich, J.

doi:10.1002/celc.202100183

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Currently, DES is mainly used as a novel electrolyte in the field of LIBs. Jach Franziska et al [ 30 ] used AlCl 3 /urea and AlCl 3 /acetamide DES as electrolytes in Al–graphite battery; the practical applicability was demonstrated using long‐term cycling experiments with >8000 cycles, exhibiting a specific capacity of around 50 mAh g −1 at a current rate of 2 A g −1 . Hu et al [ 31 ] reported a dual‐anion DES based on elaborately selected combination of nitrite and functional lithium salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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SnS material is considered as an attractive anode material to substitute commercial graphite anodes of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its large capacity, low cost, and environment‐friendliness. However, the side reactions induced during charge/discharge processes significantly expand the volume of SnS material, limiting its development. Herein, a novel deep eutectic solvent is synthesized with polyethylene glycol and SnCl2·2H2O, and SnS@graphene composites are prepared using a one‐step pyrolytic vulcanization method. The composite material is sandwich‐shaped with graphene sheet layers interspersed with SnS particles. Tests after making them into button cells have shown that the composite electrodes have excellent electrochemical properties: an initial discharge capacity of 1346 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1; outstanding long‐period performance under high current. In the case of 1 A g−1, it still has 421.8 mAh g−1 capacity after 1000 cycles. It also shows superior rate characteristics: under the current density of 5 A g−1, its specific discharge capacity is 343 mAh g−1; the specific discharge capacity increases rapidly to 798 mAh g−1 when the current density returns to 1 A g−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…This is likely to lead to slow reduction kinetics. A large number of recent studies have focused on urea-based ILA electrolytes − as an alternative to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM-Cl) in order to provide a more cost-effective solution for ABB systems. Recently, this topic was reviewed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Guanidine-, Acetamidine- and Urea-Based Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for an Aluminum Battery

Sumarlan,

Kunverji,

Lucio

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Aluminum-based batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion as they are considered to be low-cost and more friendly to the environment. In addition, aluminum is abundant and evenly distributed across the globe. Many studies and Al battery prototypes use imidazolium chloroaluminate electrolytes because of their good rheological and electrochemical performance. However, these electrolytes are very expensive, and so cost is a barrier to industrial scale-up. A urea-based electrolyte, AlCl 3 :Urea, has been proposed as an alternative, but its performance is relatively poor because of its high viscosity and low conductivity. This type of electrolyte has become known as an ionic liquid analogue (ILA). In this contribution, we proposed two Lewis base salt precursors, namely, guanidine hydrochloride and acetamidine hydrochloride, as alternatives to the urea-based ILA. We present the study of three ILAs, AlCl 3 :Guanidine, AlCl 3 :Acetamidine, and AlCl 3 :Urea, examining their rheology, electrochemistry, NMR spectra, and coin-cell performance. The room temperature viscosities of both AlCl 3 :Guanidine (52.9 cP) and AlCl 3 :Acetamidine (76.0 cP) were significantly lower than those of the urea-based liquid (240.9 cP), and their conductivities were correspondingly higher. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) showed that all three electrolytes exhibit reversible deposition/dissolution of Al, but LSV indicated that AlCl 3 :Guanidine and AlCl 3 :Acetamidine ILAs have superior anodic stability compared to the AlCl 3 :Urea electrolyte, as evidenced by anodic potential limits of +2.

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“…[14] To mitigate the cost issue, AlCl 3 based ILs made with cheaper Lewis basic ligands should be developed. Recently, works with urea (80 mAh g À 1 @100 mA g À 1 ), [15,16] triethylamine hydrochloride (TEA) (88 mAh g À 1 @100 mA g À 1 ), [17] trimethylamine hydrochloride (TMA) (83 mAh g À 1 @100 mA g À 1 ) [18] and acetamide [16] (67 mAh g À 1 @100 mA g À 1 ) with comparable specific cell capacity were published. Especially, TEA-AlCl 3 is of great economical interest since industrial grade TEA is thousand times cheaper than EMIMCl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aluminium Electrode Potential during Charging on Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with TEA‐AlCl₃ Electrolyte

Mukundan

Eckert

Drillet

2023

Batteries & Supercaps

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In aluminium (Al) symmetric cell, potentials during Al deposition on an Al foil at 1 mA cm−2 were 60–70 mV higher in TEA‐AlCl3 electrolyte compared to those measured with EMIMCl‐AlCl3 reference. Because of higher electrochemical stability of TEA‐AlCl3 solution, cut‐off voltage of charging step in AIB full‐cell was set to 2.45 V compared to 2.40 V for the reference cell. During long‐term cycling at 1 A g−1, the specific capacity of the AIB cell employing TEA‐AlCl3 increased from 60 to 94 mAh g−1 (57 %) after 1000 cycles while that of cell with EMIMCl‐AlCl3 was quite constant at about 60 mAh g−1. This behaviour was explained by continuous decreasing in Al electrode potential at End‐of‐Charge state (EOC) during deposition reaction (charging step) in TEA‐AlCl3 allowing an increase in graphite electrode potential and consequently in AIB cell capacity over the whole experiment. This increase in capacity was accompanied by a raise of defect sites in graphite material.

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A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

Comparative Study of Guanidine-, Acetamidine- and Urea-Based Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for an Aluminum Battery

Impact of Aluminium Electrode Potential during Charging on Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with TEA‐AlCl₃ Electrolyte

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A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

Electrochemical Performance of SnS@Graphene Composites Prepared by Deep Eutectic Solvent Method

Comparative Study of Guanidine-, Acetamidine- and Urea-Based Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for an Aluminum Battery

Impact of Aluminium Electrode Potential during Charging on Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with TEA‐AlCl3 Electrolyte

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Impact of Aluminium Electrode Potential during Charging on Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with TEA‐AlCl₃ Electrolyte