Abstract:Free radicals are unstable chemical species, highly reactive, being formed by
cellular entities of different tissues. Increased production of these species
without proper effective action of endogenous and exogenous antioxidant systems,
generates a condition of oxidative stress, potentially provider of skin
disorders that extend from functional impairments (skin cancer, dermatitis,
chronic and acute inflammatory processes) even aesthetic character, with the
destruction of structural proteins and cellular chang… Show more
“…The activity of cellular components can produce high levels of reactive chemical species, termed free radicals; these substances are highly unstable and chemically reactive . Free radical chain reactions are initiated by ROS.…”
Brain damage is a major complication of fulminant hepatic failure. d‐Galactosamine (d‐GalN)‐induced liver toxicity causes damage to brain. The effects of vitamins and selenium mixture against d‐GalN stimulated brain injury were investigated in this study. Sprague‐Dawley female rats aged 2.0‐2.5 months were used for the study. The rats were divided into four categories. A 0.9% NaCl solution was intraperitoneally given to the experimental rats in the first group. Using gavage technique, the second group of animals were subjected to a formulation consisting of 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 vitamin C, 15 mg·kg−1·day−1 of β‐carotene, 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 of α‐tocopherol in addition to 0.2 mg·kg−1·day−1 of sodium selenate for 3 days. The third group was given a single dose of d‐GalN hydrochloride at the concentration of 500 mg·kg−1 through a saline injection. The final group was given similar concentrations of both the antioxidant combination and d‐GalN. Tissue samples were collected under ether anesthesia. The rats treated with d‐GalN showed brain damage; increased myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities; and decreased glutathione levels. Treatment with vitamins and selenium combination resulted in alleviation of these alterations in the rats. These findings suggest that administration of the vitamins and selenium combination suppresses oxidative stress and protects brain cells from injury induced by d‐GalN.
“…The activity of cellular components can produce high levels of reactive chemical species, termed free radicals; these substances are highly unstable and chemically reactive . Free radical chain reactions are initiated by ROS.…”
Brain damage is a major complication of fulminant hepatic failure. d‐Galactosamine (d‐GalN)‐induced liver toxicity causes damage to brain. The effects of vitamins and selenium mixture against d‐GalN stimulated brain injury were investigated in this study. Sprague‐Dawley female rats aged 2.0‐2.5 months were used for the study. The rats were divided into four categories. A 0.9% NaCl solution was intraperitoneally given to the experimental rats in the first group. Using gavage technique, the second group of animals were subjected to a formulation consisting of 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 vitamin C, 15 mg·kg−1·day−1 of β‐carotene, 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 of α‐tocopherol in addition to 0.2 mg·kg−1·day−1 of sodium selenate for 3 days. The third group was given a single dose of d‐GalN hydrochloride at the concentration of 500 mg·kg−1 through a saline injection. The final group was given similar concentrations of both the antioxidant combination and d‐GalN. Tissue samples were collected under ether anesthesia. The rats treated with d‐GalN showed brain damage; increased myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities; and decreased glutathione levels. Treatment with vitamins and selenium combination resulted in alleviation of these alterations in the rats. These findings suggest that administration of the vitamins and selenium combination suppresses oxidative stress and protects brain cells from injury induced by d‐GalN.
“…Thus, the protection of lipid oxidation is important, since many products have limited shelf life due to oxidation of the excipients, which may result in alteration of their fragrance and color. [50] Antioxidants neutralize damaging free radicals thus protecting cells from both.…”
Skin is the largest organ and acts as the first line of defense of our body. After a certain period of time, our skin losses its skin tone and elasticity that we called aging. Skin aging is the result of programmed senescence and prolonged environmental injury to the skin. Skin aging can be controlled by the use of antioxidants and free radical scavengers. Nowadays, the significance of herbals and herbal products is gaining worldwide. The demand of herbal medicine is increasing rapidly due to their skin friendliness, low cost, and lack of side effects. Plants have potential activities such as anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin whitening activities. The aim of this review article is to provide information regarding the control of skin aging by antioxidant-rich herbal medicines.
“…Skin ageing resulting from the effects of environmental factors is known as extrinsic skin ageing, whereas skin ageing due to the passage of time is known as intrinsic skin ageing [3]. Imbalances in free radicals and proper effective action of endogenous antioxidant systems generate a condition of oxidative stress and leads to skin functional impairment, e.g., destruction of structural proteins [4]. Theses cellular changes result in signs inherent to both the intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging processes [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Imbalances in free radicals and proper effective action of endogenous antioxidant systems generate a condition of oxidative stress and leads to skin functional impairment, e.g., destruction of structural proteins [4]. Theses cellular changes result in signs inherent to both the intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging processes [4]. Collagen, a major extracellular matrix component in the dermis providing tensile strength, substantially changes with age [5].…”
This study aimed to investigate the potential usage of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. leaf extracts in the cosmetic industry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase inhibition of T. laurifolia leaf extracts, prepared using reflux extraction with deionized water (RE) and 80% v/v ethanol using Soxhlet's apparatus (SE), were determined. Rosmarinic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleic acid-thiocyanate assays. MMP-1 inhibition was investigated using enzymatic and fluorescent reactions, whereas MMP-2, MMP-9, and hyaluronidase inhibition were investigated using gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity on human fibroblast cell line was also investigated. The results demonstrated that SE contained significantly higher content of rosmarinic acid (5.62% ± 0.01%) and flavonoids (417 ± 25 mg of quercetin/g of extract) but RE contained a significantly higher phenolics content (181 ± 1 mg of gallic acid/g of extract; p < 0.001). SE possessed higher lipid peroxidation inhibition but less DPPH • scavenging activity than RE. Both extracts possessed comparable hyaluronidase inhibition. SE was as potent an MMP-1 inhibitor as gallic acid (half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 12.0 ± 0.3 and 8.9 ± 0.4 mg/cm 3 , respectively). SE showed significantly higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition than RE (p < 0.05). Therefore, SE is a promising natural anti-ageing ingredient rich in rosmarinic acid and flavonoids with antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and potent MMPs inhibitory effects that could be applied in the cosmetic industry.
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