Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anti-MMPs, and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Leaf Extracts for Skin Aging and Skin Damage Prevention
Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the potential usage of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. leaf extracts in the cosmetic industry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase inhibition of T. laurifolia leaf extracts, prepared using reflux extraction with deionized water (RE) and 80% v/v ethanol using Soxhlet's apparatus (SE), were determined. Rosmarinic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric ass… Show more
“…Inhibitory effect on bovine testicular HAase activity was evaluated using a reported method with minor modifications 23 . It is noted that long HA chains and HAase may form of non-active complexes at low ionic condition, which can impede the catalytic activity of HAase and disrupt the HAase inhibition assay 24 .…”
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural cosmeceutical compound with various skin beneficial activities including inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase but the anti-hyaluronidase activity and mechanisms of action of its synthetic analogues remain unclear. Herein, a series of OA derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. Compared to OA, an induction of fluorinated (6c) and chlorinated (6g) indole moieties led to enhanced anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC 50 ¼ 80.3 vs. 9.97 and 9.57 mg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that 6c and 6g can bind to hyaluronidase protein and alter its secondary structure leading to reduced enzyme activity. In addition, OA indole derivatives showed feasible skin permeability in a slightly acidic environment (pH ¼ 6.5) and 6c exerted skin protective effect by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes. Findings from the current study support that OA indole derivatives are potential cosmeceuticals with antihyaluronidase activity.
“…Inhibitory effect on bovine testicular HAase activity was evaluated using a reported method with minor modifications 23 . It is noted that long HA chains and HAase may form of non-active complexes at low ionic condition, which can impede the catalytic activity of HAase and disrupt the HAase inhibition assay 24 .…”
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural cosmeceutical compound with various skin beneficial activities including inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase but the anti-hyaluronidase activity and mechanisms of action of its synthetic analogues remain unclear. Herein, a series of OA derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. Compared to OA, an induction of fluorinated (6c) and chlorinated (6g) indole moieties led to enhanced anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC 50 ¼ 80.3 vs. 9.97 and 9.57 mg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that 6c and 6g can bind to hyaluronidase protein and alter its secondary structure leading to reduced enzyme activity. In addition, OA indole derivatives showed feasible skin permeability in a slightly acidic environment (pH ¼ 6.5) and 6c exerted skin protective effect by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes. Findings from the current study support that OA indole derivatives are potential cosmeceuticals with antihyaluronidase activity.
“…The total flavonoid content of A. officinalis extracts was determined using an aluminum chloride colorimetric method as previously described 35 – 37 . Briefly, 100 µL of each sample solution (1 mg/mL) was added to 20 µL of 10% w/v aluminum chloride aqueous solution, 20 µL of 1.0 M potassium acetate solution, and 860 µL of deionized water, respectively.…”
Section: Chemical Composition Determinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The MMP-1 inhibitory activity of A. officinalis extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods according to the previous studies 35 , 41 . Firstly, the enzyme activity of MMP-1 was determined before the experiment.…”
Section: Chemical Composition Determinationmentioning
This study aimed to investigate the nutricosmetic effect of Asparagus officinalis extracts. The tip and spear of A. officinalis were successively extracted with 95% ethanol. The rutin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents of A. officinalis extracts were investigated. The antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition were determined by in vitro enzyme reaction assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed on peripheral blood mononuclear cellss. Findings revealed that drying temperature and drying duration had significant effects on the chemical composition and biological activity of A. officinalis extract. A. officinalis tips dried at 50 °C for 24 h contained the (significantly) highest flavonoid and rutin content. The most potent extract was from A. officinalis spears since it possessed the (significantly) highest MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition rates of 83.4 ± 1.5%, 70.4 ± 4.1%, and 75.2 ± 1.0%, respectively. Interestingly, at the same concentration, the A. officinalis spear extract was more potent in MMP-1 inhibition than oleanolic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, the well-known natural MMP-1 inhibitors. The results show that A. officinalis extract is an attractive source of natural anti-skin-wrinkle ingredients.
“…Total avonoid content of each D. longan extracts was investigated using aluminium chloride method which has been previously described with some modi cations. 41 Firstly, 20 μl of the ethanolic solution of D. longan extracts was mixed with 80 μl of 10% w/v AlCl 3 aqueous solution and 100 μl of 1 M CH 3 COOK aqueous solution. After the resulting mixtures were incubated for 30 min in the dark, they were measured for an absorbance at 415 nm using multimode detector (SPECTROstar Nano, BMG Labtech, Offenburg, Germany).…”
Section: Total Avonoid Content Determinationmentioning
This study is the first to successfully produce novel black Dimocarpus longan by undergoing thermal and ageing process. Pericarp, aril, and seed of black D. longan were macerated in 95% v/v ethanol. Their chemical compositions were investigated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminium chloride assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activities were evaluated in terms of radical scavenging and iron (III) reducing capacity. Enzyme inhibitory assay was used to evaluate the hyaluronidase inhibition. Black D. longan seed extract contained the significantly highest content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds (p < 0.05). Each gram of the extract contained 53.6 ± 0.9 mg of gallic acid, 19.8 ± 2.9 mg of corilagin, and 24.5 ± 0.7 mg of ellagic acid. This extract was the most potent anti-hyaluronidase and antioxidant with the strongest free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Therefore, it was proposed as functional food and further used in the pharmaceutical or cosmeceutical industries.
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