An Outbreak of Late-Term Abortions, Premature Births, and Congenital Deformities Associated with a <i>Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1</i> Subtype b that Induces Thrombocytopenia

Blanchard, Patricia C; Ridpath, Julia F.; Walker, Jennifer B.; Hietala, Sharon K.

doi:10.1177/104063871002200127

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The concept of ancient origins of premature birth is further supported by experimental evidence from mice and other mammals in which inflammation and/or bacteria induce preterm delivery [33], [34], [35], [36]. Moreover, premature birth in equine, bovine and ovine species is also associated with infection [40], [41], [42], [43]. Taken together, these findings suggest that underlying mechanisms for infection induced preterm delivery have relatively ancient roots, and that searches for the molecular underpinnings of these mechanisms should not be limited to recently occurring events in human evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spontaneous Abortion and Preterm Labor and Delivery in Nonhuman Primates: Evidence from a Captive Colony of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPreterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality, yet the evolutionary history of this obstetrical syndrome is largely unknown in nonhuman primate species.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe examined the length of gestation during pregnancies that occurred in a captive chimpanzee colony by inspecting veterinary and behavioral records spanning a total of thirty years. Upon examination of these records we were able to confidently estimate gestation length for 93 of the 97 (96%) pregnancies recorded at the colony. In total, 78 singleton gestations resulted in live birth, and from these pregnancies we estimated the mean gestation length of normal chimpanzee pregnancies to be 228 days, a finding consistent with other published reports. We also calculated that the range of gestation in normal chimpanzee pregnancies is approximately forty days. Of the remaining fifteen pregnancies, only one of the offspring survived, suggesting viability for chimpanzees requires a gestation of approximately 200 days. These fifteen pregnancies constitute spontaneous abortions and preterm deliveries, for which the upper gestational age limit was defined as 2 SD from the mean length of gestation (208 days).Conclusions/SignificanceThe present study documents that preterm birth occurred within our study population of captive chimpanzees. As in humans, pregnancy loss is not uncommon in chimpanzees, In addition, our findings indicate that both humans and chimpanzees show a similar range of normal variation in gestation length, suggesting this was the case at the time of their last common ancestor (LCA). Nevertheless, our data suggest that whereas chimpanzees' normal gestation length is ∼20–30 days after reaching viability, humans' normal gestation length is approximately 50 days beyond the estimated date of viability without medical intervention. Future research using a comparative evolutionary framework should help to clarify the extent to which mechanisms at work in normal and preterm parturition are shared in these species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spontaneous Abortion and Preterm Labor and Delivery in Nonhuman Primates: Evidence from a Captive Colony of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2011

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“…13,44,112 Fetal loss due to in utero BVDV infection has been well recognized and is often determined by the gestational age at the time of infection.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infections

Brodersen

2014

Vet Pathol

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) continues to be of economic significance to the livestock industry in terms of acute disease and fetal loss. Many of the lesions relating to BVDV infection have been well described previously. The virus is perpetuated in herds through the presence of calves that are persistently infected. Relationships between various species and biotypes of BVDV and host defenses are increasingly understood. Understanding of the host defense mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity continues to improve, and the effects of the virus on these immune mechanisms are being used to explain how persistent infection develops. The noncytopathic biotype of BVDV plays the major role in its effects on the host defenses by inhibiting various aspects of the innate immune system and creation of immunotolerance in the fetus during early gestation. Recent advances have allowed for development of affordable test strategies to identify and remove persistently infected animals. With these improved tests and removal strategies, the livestock industry can begin more widespread effective control programs.

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“…El aborto es una consecuencia reproductiva de la infección aguda por VDVB (3). Algunos estudios han reportado los efectos negativos de la infección viral y su impacto sobre la gestación, según el momento de infección, y que habitualmente pueden producir diferentes manifestaciones clínicas como mortalidad embrionaria, aborto, presentación de lesiones congénitas, infección aguda fetal con nacimiento a término o nacimientos de terneros débiles, además de la infección persistente (1,28,29). En este caso se podría especular que las madres pudieron haber abortado en gestaciones anteriores como consecuencia de la infección por VDVB, producto de esta exposición viral a los anticuerpos producidos por transmisión a sus hijas por medio del calostro, lo cual hace que estas sean positivas a la prueba diagnóstica.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Identificación de factores asociados con la exposición al virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) en terneras de hatos lecheros de la sabana de Bogotá

2017

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ResumenEl virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) es un patógeno que afecta la salud bovina; produce signos clínicos como bronconeumonía, diarrea, teratogenia y pérdidas reproductivas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia y algunos factores asociados con la exposición al VDVB en un total de 930 terneras provenientes de 31 hatos lecheros de la sabana de Bogotá. Los datos de los hatos se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta epidemiológica, así como la información individual de las terneras. Se utilizó una prueba de ELISA para la detección de anticuerpos contra VDVB p80. Los datos se analizaron con estadística de frecuencias, descriptiva, análisis univariado y con un modelo de regresión logística binaria en el que se evaluaron factores de confusión a través de la comparación entre los odds ratio (OR) crudos y ajustados. La seroprevalencia promedio de VDVB fue del 27,1 % (rango 0-90 %); adicionalmente, en el 83,9 % de los hatos se observaron anticuerpos contra VDVB. Los factores asociados con la exposición a VDVB fueron: 1) la edad en animales menores de 4 meses (OR = 4,9; IC 95 %: 2,52-9,56), 2) histórico de aborto de la madre (OR = 6,4; IC 95 %: 3,91-10,46; p = 0,001) y 3) la presentación histórica de diarrea (OR = 2,6; IC 95 %: 1,58-4,46; p = 0,010). Este estudio permitió confirmar la alta exposición al virus en los hatos e identificar de algunos factores asociados, lo cual contribuye al conocimiento de la epidemiología de la enfermedad.Palabras clave: anticuerpos, diarrea viral bovina, epidemiología, exposición viral, factores asociados, prevalencia. Identification of factors associated with exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy-herd calves in the Bogotá savanna AbstractBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that affects bovine health; it produces clinical signs such as bronchopneumonia, diarrhea, teratogenicity, and reproductive losses. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence and some other factors associated with exposure to BVDV in a total of 930 calves from 31 dairy herds in the Bogotá savanna. The data of the herds, as well as individual information of the calves, were collected through an epidemiological survey. An ELISA test was used to detect antibodies to BVDV p80. Data were analyzed with frequency and descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and a binary logistic regression model, in which confounding factors were evaluated through a comparison between crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). The average seroprevalence of BVDV was 27.1% (range 0-90%); additionally, antibodies against

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An Outbreak of Late-Term Abortions, Premature Births, and Congenital Deformities Associated with a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1 Subtype b that Induces Thrombocytopenia

Cited by 41 publications

References 8 publications

Spontaneous Abortion and Preterm Labor and Delivery in Nonhuman Primates: Evidence from a Captive Colony of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Spontaneous Abortion and Preterm Labor and Delivery in Nonhuman Primates: Evidence from a Captive Colony of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infections

Identificación de factores asociados con la exposición al virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) en terneras de hatos lecheros de la sabana de Bogotá

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