An Outbreak of Human and Canine Blastomycosis

Baumgardner, Dennis J; Burdick, Jerome S.

doi:10.1093/clinids/13.5.898

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…21 Airborne dust was also implicated in a 1988 outbreak 270 meters to 400 meters downwind from a hotel excavation site in northern Wisconsin. 27 Blastomycosis most commonly occurs among middle-aged men, probably due to sporadic exposure to B. dermatitidis in ecologic niches during occupational and recreational activities involving close contact with soil or vegetation, primarily near waterways. 3 In this investigation, 21 cases of blastomycosis within a 9-week interval, the younger age of case patients and the lack of statistically significant associations between illness and any typically recognized blastomycosis risk factors suggest a point source outbreak rather than sporadic exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Rural Point Source Blastomycosis Outbreak Near a Yard Waste Collection Site

Pfister

Archer²,

Hersil³

et al. 2010

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Background: Blastomycosis is a potentially fatal infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis.During January 1 through March 5, 2006, twenty-one laboratory confirmed cases of blastomycosis were reported among residents of an endemic area in north-central Wisconsin; a striking increase compared with previous years. The objective of the study was to determine if an observed increase in blastomycosis among residents of an urban area in north-central Wisconsin was caused by a pointsource exposure and to identify its source. Methods:We compared epidemiologic features, and signs and symptoms of B. dermatitidis infection among 46 historic (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) and 21 possible outbreak case patients. In addition, a case-control study was conducted to compare risk factors of the outbreak case patients with those of 64 age, gender, and geographically-matched control subjects. We conducted site inspections, evaluated meteorological data, genetically compared outbreak and non-outbreak isolates, and attempted environmental detection of B. dermatitidis using polymerase chain reaction, in vitro isolation, and in vivo isolation by tail vein injection of mice. Results:The unusual risk profile of this outbreak included: residence within non-rural city limits with limited time spent outdoors and an equivalent gender ratio and young median age among case patients consistent with common source rather than unrelated exposures. Thirteen of fourteen outbreakassociated clinical isolates of B. dermatitidis clustered in the same genetic group by PCR-RFLP analysis. Inspections near the cluster center suggested a yard waste collection site as the probable exposure source. B. dermatitidis nucleic acid was detected in one of 19 environmental samples. Environmental and meteorological conditions and material management practices were identified that may have facilitated growth and dispersal of B. dermatitidis conidia near this residential area. Conclusions:Results of our investigation of this large non-rural outbreak of blastomycosis suggest bioaerosol hazards may exist near yard waste collection and composting facilities, especially where pine tree litter is present, in B. dermatitidis endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Rural Point Source Blastomycosis Outbreak Near a Yard Waste Collection Site

Pfister

Archer²,

Hersil³

et al. 2010

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…3 While reports are emerging from lesser endemic portions of the state, 4,5 most epidemiologic investigations of sporadic and outbreak cases have focused on rural northern and central Wisconsin. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Despite generally lower incidence rates of blastomycosis in more urban eastern and southeastern Wisconsin counties, case numbers often meet or exceed those from their rural Wisconsin counterparts. For example, recent annual incidence rates for rural Vilas County, Wisconsin (27/100,000) 10 equate to 5.5 cases per year from this county.…”

Section: Geodemographic Features Of Human Blastomycosis In Eastern Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodemographic Features of Human Blastomycosis in Eastern Wisconsin

Huber¹,

Baumgardner²,

Kram³

et al. 2016

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

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“…5,12 In high-risk areas of northern Wisconsin the incidence previously ranged from 10.4 to 41.4 annual cases per 100,000. 2,3 Vilas County, WI has been the site of 3 major outbreaks of blastomycosis 1,14,15 and reports human incidence as high as 100/100,000 per year in the southeastern region of the county, inclusive of the city of Eagle River. 16,17 The fungi are indigenous to broad geographic regions worldwide (North America, India, Africa, South and Central America) but reproduce successfully in only a very specific "micro-niche."…”

Section: Bl Astomycosis Is a Fungus Endemic To The Great Lakes Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Blastomycosis Diagnosed by Prostate Needle Biopsy

Neal

Nikolai²

2008

Clinical Medicine & Research

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A healthy 51-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of lower urinary tract irritative symptoms. Urinalysis was suggestive of infection, and the patient was treated with multiple antibiotics without relief of symptoms. A urological exam demonstrated abnormal induration of the prostate gland. Biopsy of the prostate gland revealed Blastomyces dermatitidis. In areas whereBlastomyces dermatitidis is endemic, clinicians should be aware of the presence of this fungus and possible sites of infection.

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An Outbreak of Human and Canine Blastomycosis

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Non-Rural Point Source Blastomycosis Outbreak Near a Yard Waste Collection Site

Non-Rural Point Source Blastomycosis Outbreak Near a Yard Waste Collection Site

Geodemographic Features of Human Blastomycosis in Eastern Wisconsin

Systemic Blastomycosis Diagnosed by Prostate Needle Biopsy

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