An outbreak of hepatitis B associated with jet injections in a weight reduction clinic

Technologies to Improve Immunization

“…[231][232][233] Fact superseded theory when a Med-E-Jet caused an outbreak of several dozen cases of hepatitis B among patients in a California clinic. 234 Subsequent clinical, 235 field, 236,237 bench, 238 animal, 239,240 and epidemiologic 241,242 studies added more evidence that MUNJIs could transmit pathogens between patients. This led to warnings and discontinuation of their use by public health authorities 24 and to market withdrawal of the Ped-O-Jet and discontinuation of its U.S. military use in 1997.…”

Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of vaccine adjuvants

“…Multiple-use jet injector devices that deliver liquid vaccines through the skin were widely used for mass immunization campaigns throughout the 1980s. However, these devices became discredited when it became apparent that they were capable of transmitting blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B 51 . More recently, single-dose jet injector devices have been developed, which are capable of delivering liquid 52 or dry powder vaccines 53 through the skin using high pressure.…”

Use of portable microbial samplers for estimating inhalation exposure to viable biological agents

“…For both HBV and HIV, the precise event or events resulting in transmission of infection in the dental setting have not been determined; epidemiologic and laboratory data indicate that these infections probably were transmitted from the DHCWs to patients, rather than from one patient to another (26,28 ). Patient-to-patient transmission of bloodborne pathogens has been reported, however, in several medical settings (29)(30)(31).…”