2011
DOI: 10.1177/1403494810396557
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An outbreak of gastroenteritis among schoolchildren staying in a wildlife reserve: Thorough investigation reveals Norway’s largest cryptosporidiosis outbreak

Abstract: Although Cryptosporidium is seldom considered as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal illness in Norway, this outbreak indicates that it should not be excluded. In this cryptosporidiosis outbreak, the largest in Norway to date, the transmission vehicle was not definitively identified, but a food handler, water, and animal contact could not be excluded. We recommend improving hand hygiene routines, boiling drinking water, and emphasise that people who are unwell, particularly those working in catering, sho… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(19 citation statements)
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References 19 publications
(26 reference statements)
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“…Animal models have demonstrated the role of Cryptosporidium parvum in the formation of polyps and adenocarcinoma lesions in the guts of dexamethasone (Dex)-treated severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, suggesting the need to investigate whether a similar C. parvum-induced gastrointestinal cancer occurs in humans (50-52, 74, 459). In developed countries, sporadic outbreaks due to fecal-oral transmission have been reported among children attending playgroups and day care centers and by ingestion of contaminated salads, contaminated water supply, or recreational water, contact with sick animals, swimming in public pools, and person-to-person transmission (55,66,325,340). Epidemiological variations have been observed in the geographical, seasonal, and socioeconomic effects of the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp.…”
Section: Cryptosporidium Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Animal models have demonstrated the role of Cryptosporidium parvum in the formation of polyps and adenocarcinoma lesions in the guts of dexamethasone (Dex)-treated severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, suggesting the need to investigate whether a similar C. parvum-induced gastrointestinal cancer occurs in humans (50-52, 74, 459). In developed countries, sporadic outbreaks due to fecal-oral transmission have been reported among children attending playgroups and day care centers and by ingestion of contaminated salads, contaminated water supply, or recreational water, contact with sick animals, swimming in public pools, and person-to-person transmission (55,66,325,340). Epidemiological variations have been observed in the geographical, seasonal, and socioeconomic effects of the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp.…”
Section: Cryptosporidium Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is now well recognized and accounts for about 20% of diarrheal episodes in children in developing countries and up to 9% of episodes in developed settings and causes a considerable amount of diarrheal illness in young farm animals worldwide (340,473). The environmentally resistant oocysts are fully sporulated when they are excreted in feces, and therefore they are immediately infectious (116,441,477).…”
Section: Cryptosporidium Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Animal-to-person transmission primarily occurs among veterinarians and veterinary students as well as other people exposed to agricultural animals and children visiting farms [6]. To date, more than 20 outbreaks related to contact with animals have been reported [6,[11][12][13][14]. Cattle, especially pre-weaned calves, are considered to be an important source of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These have mostly been associated with raw vegetables (5,9) or beverages made with contaminated fruit (7, 7) or it has not been possible to pinpoint the food item involved (10). Indeed, the potential for contamination of vegetables and fruit is probably higher than for meat products, due not only to agricultural practices but also to handling during the farm-to-fork chain (14), and in addition, most meat products are cooked almost immediately prior to consumption, thus inactivating any contaminating oocysts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%