An origami-based colorimetric sensor for detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose using sericin capped silver nanoparticles

Abstract

The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurement is considered highly important in industrial wastewater quality assessment, environmental protection, and disease detection. Here, a simple high-performance paper-based sensor is proposed for rapid and in situ detection of H2O2. To this end, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine is embedded in the sensor to act as a color indicator, whose reaction with hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by a silver nanozyme modified by sericin. The result of the reaction clarified by the appearance of blue color in the sensor detection zone is received by a portable scanner, while also calculating its intensity by image analysis software. This method is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range of 0.5‒240 mg/dL, providing a detection limit of 0.15 mg/dL. The ability of the sensor to determine glucose is also evaluated by adding a layer containing glucose oxidase enzyme to the sensor structure. A desirable response is obtained in the range of 1.0‒160 mg/dL, together with a detection limit of 0.37 mg/dL. Accordingly, the proposed sensor shows satisfactory results compared to clinical methods for monitoring the amount of glucose in biological samples such as serum and saliva.

Monitoring saliva compositions for non-invasive detection of diabetes using a colorimetric-based multiple sensor

“…These sensors either have electrochemical transducers or follow a colorimetric mechanism. In these assays, only saliva glucose is detected through an enzymatic process or by molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) and nanozyme 34 , 38 – 42 . Although, these methods can detect the trace amounts of glucose in a standard solution, the concentration of this marker in the saliva sample is ten times lower than the blood sample, also, the presence of this analyte in salivary secretions can be caused by non-diabetic metabolic processes.…”

“…The saliva sample is injected into one layer and penetrates vertically into the paper tissue to react with the sensor components located in the second layer. With the help of this structure, it is possible to reduce the interference caused by the viscosity of saliva, while also decreasing the analysis time and preventing the movement of sensing elements to the sides of the detection zones 34 , 35 . In this sensor, (with cobat, zinc and copper central cores), organic dyes (mixed with reagents such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and phenylboronic acid), and silver NPs (containing thiomalic acid, L-arginine, and chitosan coating agents) play the role of receptors.…”

Spatial and temporal detection of root exudates with a paper-based microfluidic device

“…A number of limitations of the technique arose due to the simplicity of the device. It is possible to envisage, for example, improvements of the sensor to increase the range of the detection (Mirzaei et al, 2023) or even the integration of different type of sensors such as electrochemical sensors (Cao et al, 2019; Saha et al, 2023). The time needed for extraction of the exudate was long because the sensor was not in contact with the root itself and the detection limit of the sensor.…”

Paper-based colorimetric sensors for point-of-care testing

“…One potential application is the detection of specific biomarkers associated with CVDs. For example, paper-based sensors can be designed to detect cardiac biomarkers like troponin, which are indicative of heart damage or stress, 134,135 as shown in Fig. 8.…”