“…Thus, MEC-derived organoids are a suitable system to assess the effect of controlled developmental signals, but should be used with the previously discussed considerations. Future studies involving the addition of signals that contribute to endogenous mammary gland development and maintenance, along with co-culturing with essential cells from the mammary microenvironment will further improve the fidelity of this system (Koledova & Lu, 2017;Sumbal et al, 2021Sumbal et al, , 2022. Moreover, assessment of secreted factors by these non-epithelial cells and estimation of direct cell-cell communication dynamics would provide valuable insights.…”