An Organic Solid State Injection Laser

Schön, J. H.; Kloc, Ch.; Dodabalapur, Ananth; Batlogg, B.

doi:10.1126/science.289.5479.599

Cited by 223 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…High-quality single crystals of oligothiophenes and polyacenes exhibit the highest carrier mobilities among organic semiconductors, up to a few cm 2 V 21 s 21 at room temperature [2] and up to 10 3 10 5 cm 2 V 21 s 21 at low temperatures [3]. These exceptionally good transport properties have permitted the demonstration of the first electrically pumped organic laser [4].…”

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confidence: 94%

Ultrafast Formation of Nonemissive Species via Intermolecular Interaction in Single Crystals of Conjugated Molecules

et al. 2001

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We investigate the influence of interchain interactions on the photoluminescence processes in a sexithiophene single crystal by applying hydrostatic pressure. We perform transient photoluminescence spectroscopy in the time domain of 100 fs for pressures up to 60 kbar. The combined use of steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopies allows us to show that the pressure-induced quenching of the photoluminescence is caused by an ultrafast (ϳ100 fs) formation of intermolecular species. The device development has been systematically accompanied and boosted by a basic research aimed at clarifying the photophysics of these materials [5].A central issue concerns the influence of interchain interactions on the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. In the simplest case, PL can be viewed as the temporal sequence of three elementary processes: generation of the primary electronhole pairs, energy relaxation towards one or more excited species, and finally radiative electron-hole recombination. The PL efficiency critically depends on the branching ratios among the different photoexcited species and their nature. In p-conjugated oligomer crystals, the lowest energy excitations are excitons with the electronhole pair confined in the same chain and binding energies of typically several tenths of eV [6]. Excitons with the electron-hole wave function delocalized over more chains are known as charge-transfer states [7]. Because of the larger electron-hole separation, these states can be considered as a first step towards uncorrelated polaron generation. The formation of such nonluminescent species is detrimental for the PL quantum yield [8]. Evidences for both ultrafast hot charge separation [9] and free electronhole pair generation from thermalized excitons have been reported [10]. The nature of the process is, however, controversial, since the formation of intermolecular excitations seems to be favored by disorder [7], or chemical impurities [11].The intermolecular coupling can be directly controlled by varying the interchain distances through applied pressure. Most of the previous studies performed under pressure employs steady-state techniques, which provide only limited information on the dynamics of those processes which determine PL efficiency, i.e., energy relaxation, exciton diffusion, and decay. Pioneering work on the photoexcitation dynamics under high pressure was done by Hess et al. in conjugated polymers [12] and in molecular solids [13], by using time-resolved pump-probe techniques. No intrinsic effect of pressure on the photoexcitation relaxation was observed, the changes found in the transient decays being ascribed to a pressure-induced variation of the density of nonradiative defects [12], or to disorder effects [13].In this Letter, we study the influence of interchain interaction on the PL process in a sexithiophene single crystal [14]. The high structural order [15] and purity [2] of the single crystal permits the investigation of the intrinsic effects due to interchain interaction. By applying pressure we...

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Ultrafast Formation of Nonemissive Species via Intermolecular Interaction in Single Crystals of Conjugated Molecules

et al. 2001

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“…As we have already noted, it is likely that only a small percentage of scientific misconduct results in retraction. Sensational new claims attract scrutiny and are more likely to be refuted by subsequent research (2,34,35,64,(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)95). However, reports based on falsified or fabricated data may be more difficult to detect if the conclusions happen to be true.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retracted Science and the Retraction Index

2011

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Articles may be retracted when their findings are no longer considered trustworthy due to scientific misconduct or error, they plagiarize previously published work, or they are found to violate ethical guidelines. Using a novel measure that we call the “retraction index,” we found that the frequency of retraction varies among journals and shows a strong correlation with the journal impact factor. Although retractions are relatively rare, the retraction process is essential for correcting the literature and maintaining trust in the scientific process.

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“…We draw part of our motivation for this present study from a class of organic semiconducting materials which has been the object of considerable attention recently [13]. Due to the nature of their opto-electronic properties, thin films of organic molecules working as semiconducting diodes [14] are already employed in high-performance electroluminescent displays [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random walks with imperfect trapping in the decoupled-ring approximation

Aspelmeier¹,

Magnin²,

Graupner³

et al. 2002

Eur. Phys. J. B

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Abstract. We investigate random walks on a lattice with imperfect traps. In one dimension, we perturbatively compute the survival probability by reducing the problem to a particle diffusing on a closed ring containing just one single trap. Numerical simulations reveal this solution, which is exact in the limit of perfect traps, to be remarkably robust with respect to a significant lowering of the trapping probability. We demonstrate that for randomly distributed traps, the long-time asymptotics of our result recovers the known stretched exponential decay. We also study an anisotropic three-dimensional version of our model, where for sufficiently large transverse diffusion the system is described by the mean-field kinetics. We discuss possible applications of some of our findings to the decay of excitons in semiconducting organic polymer materials, and emphasize the crucial influence of the spatial trap distribution on the kinetics.

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An Organic Solid State Injection Laser

Cited by 223 publications

References 25 publications

Ultrafast Formation of Nonemissive Species via Intermolecular Interaction in Single Crystals of Conjugated Molecules

Ultrafast Formation of Nonemissive Species via Intermolecular Interaction in Single Crystals of Conjugated Molecules

Retracted Science and the Retraction Index

Random walks with imperfect trapping in the decoupled-ring approximation

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