An Optimality Criterion for Processing Electromyographic (EMG) Signals Relating to Human Locomotion

Any movement performed repeatedly will be executed with inter-trial variability. Oropharyngeal swallowing is a complex sensorimotor action, and swallow-to-swallow variability can have consequences that impact swallowing safety. Our aim was to determine an appropriate method to measure swallowing pressure waveform variability. An ideal variability metric must be sensitive to known deviations in waveform amplitude, duration, and overall shape, without being biased by waveforms that have both positive and sub-atmospheric pressure profiles. Through systematic analysis of model waveforms, we found a coefficient of variability (CV) parameter on waveforms adjusted such that the overall mean was 0 to be best suited for swallowing pressure variability analysis. We then investigated pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability using high-resolution manometry data from healthy individuals to assess impacts of waveform alignment, pharyngeal region, and number of swallows investigated. The alignment that resulted in the lowest overall swallowing pressure variability was when the superior-most sensor in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) reached half its maximum pressure. Pressures in the tongue base region of the pharynx were least variable and pressures in the hypopharynx region were most variable. Sets of 3-10 consecutive swallows had no overall difference in variability, but sets of two swallows resulted in significantly less variability than the other dataset sizes. This study identified variability in swallowing pressure waveform shape throughout the pharynx in healthy adults; we discuss implications for swallowing motor control.

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“…Martens et al [49] used a variance ratio, proposed by Hershler and Miller [86], to compare with their one-and two-dimensional CV:…”

Section: Variance Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Measuring Swallowing Pressure Variability Using High-Resolution Manometry

Jones

Meisner

Broadfoot

et al. 2018

Front. Appl. Math. Stat.

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“…Values for every 0.5% of the stride period were obtained by cubic spline interpolation. Reproducibility of the data was assessed by calculating the variance ratio (Hershler and Milner, 1978), which is the ratio of the average variance between corresponding points in different strides to the total variance of the entire data set.…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Sonomicrometry Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomuscle functionvsspeed I. Muscle strain in relation to length change of the muscle-tendon unit

Hoyt

Wickler

Biewener

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Gait asymmetry is often described as a ratio of the kinematic or kinetic parameters between the right and left sides [16]. Different parameters have been used to determine gait asymmetry for amputees such as ratio index [17], coefficients of variation [18], correlation coefficients [19], symmetry index [20], variance ratios [21], principal component analysis [22], and root-mean-square difference [23], symmetry angle [24], butterfly plot [25] and autocorrelation coefficient [26]. According to Kaufman et al [16], most of these tools have major limitations because they do not provide a measurement of the symmetry magnitude.…”

Section: Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of gait asymmetry and energy transfer efficiency between unilateral and bilateral amputees

et al. 2016

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Efficient walking or running requires symmetrical gait. Gait symmetry is one of the key factors in efficient human dynamics, kinematics and kinetics. The desire of individuals with a lower-limb amputation to participate in sports has resulted in the development of energy-storingand-returning (ESR) feet. This paper analyses a case study to show the effect of symmetry and asymmetry as well as energy transfer efficiency during periodic jumping between simulated bilateral and unilateral runners. A custom gait analysis system is developed as part of this project to track the motion of the body of a physically active subject during a set of predefined motions. Stance and aerial times are accurately measured using a high speed camera. Gait frequency, the level of symmetry and the non-uniform displacement between left and right foot and their effects on the position of the Centre of Mass (CM) were used as criteria to calculate both peak energies and transformation efficiency. Gait asymmetry and discrepancy of energy transfer efficiency between the intact foot and the ESR are observed. It is concluded that unilateral runners require excessive effort to compensate for lack of symmetry as well as asymmetry in energy transfer, causing fatigue which could be a reason why bilateral amputee runners using ESR feet have a superior advantage over unilateral amputees.

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An Optimality Criterion for Processing Electromyographic (EMG) Signals Relating to Human Locomotion

Cited by 101 publications

References 2 publications

Methods for Measuring Swallowing Pressure Variability Using High-Resolution Manometry

Methods for Measuring Swallowing Pressure Variability Using High-Resolution Manometry

In vivomuscle functionvsspeed I. Muscle strain in relation to length change of the muscle-tendon unit

Simulation of gait asymmetry and energy transfer efficiency between unilateral and bilateral amputees

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