“…When the modulation index is small ( ), the ac optical power transfer function is given by (2) At the small signal bias point, the amplitude of the modulated signal laser at the receiver is (3) where is the power of the transmitter laser, is the signal laser center frequency, is its instantaneous phase, is the modulation index, is the sum of all losses associated with the fiber, is the RIN noise, and is the polarization unit vector. Similarly, the amplitude of the local oscillator laser is (4) where is the optical power of the local oscillator (LO) laser at the receiver, is the center frequency of the LO, is the LO RIN noise, is the instantaneous phase and is the polarization unit vector.…”