An operative kairomonal lure for managing pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerymbycidae)

Abstract

Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier (Col., Cerambycidae) is a vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causing the destructive pine wilt disease. An effective lure for monitoring and/or masstrapping would be of great interest in the management of this pine sawyer. Males and females of this species show an attractive kairomonal response to blends composed of four pheromone compounds used by Ips spp. bark beetles and two host volatiles from pines. This six-component lure is highly attractive but may to be too complex and costly for practical use as each component is released from a separate lure. The role of each component, ipsdienol, ipsenol, cisverbenol, methyl butenol, a-pinene and ethanol as attractants for M. galloprovincialis was field tested in Spain to obtain a simpler but equally effective bait. Ipsenol was confirmed as the strongest kairomonal signal to M. galloprovincialis synergizing response to a-pinene by 95 times. The addition of methyl butenol to this blend doubled the number of males and females trapped. On the other hand, neither ipsdienol, cis-verbenol nor ethanol improved the results when incorporated into the above three-component blend. A lure consisting of ipsenol, methyl butenol and a-pinene may be very cost-efficient in operational monitoring or mass trapping of M. galloprovincialis. Three potentially repellent candidates, ())verbenone, methyl cyclohexenone and trans-conophthorin, were also tested against the attractive threecomponent bait. trans-Conophthorin significantly reduced male catches of M. galloprovincialis; methyl cyclohexenone had no effect. Verbenone significantly enhanced the response of females to the attractive combination of a-pinene, ipsenol and methyl butenol.

Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

“…5a) to the malespecific compound (I, Fig. 1 recorded in these analyses even though α-pinene at least is a known kairomone Ibeas et al 2007) and has been shown to elicit an EAG response from M. galloprovincialis (Álvarez, unpublished). Presumably, the antennal receptors are less sensitive to the kairomones than to the pheromones, and the concentrations of the former were too low in these analyses.…”

“…Dispensers for bark beetle semiochemicals and host compounds were as described previously by Pajares et al (2004) and Ibeas et al (2007). Thus, racemic ipsenol, racemic ipsdienol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and ∼80%-(-)- Fig.…”

“…In Experiment 1, we tested the responses of the beetles to the synthetic pheromone alone, to the standard kairomone lure of α-pinene, ipsenol (2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol), and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol Ibeas et al 2007) and to combinations of the two. We also investigated the flight response elicited by verbenone to determine whether this compound could replace α-pinene in the kairomonal mixture, as suggested by Ibeas et al (2007). In Experiment 2, we replaced the bark beetle pheromone component ipsenol in the kairomone mixtures with ipsdienol (2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol).…”

“…Both males and females of M. galloprovincialis are attracted by blends of pine volatiles and compounds used as pheromone components by Ips species bark beetles Francardi et al 2009), and a kairomonal lure composed of α-pinene, ipsenol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol has been developed for use in monitoring operations (Ibeas et al 2007). Presumably, both sexes are brought together on the host plant by these kairomones, and this is followed by copulation and oviposition.…”

Efficacy of semiochemical-baited traps for detection of Scolytinae species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Russian Far East

“…Combining bark beetle pheromones and host volatiles on the same traps has synergized attraction of Scolytinae (Borden et al, 1980;Shore & Lindgren, 1996) as well as Cerambycidae (Billings, 1985;Allison et al, 2001Allison et al, , 2003Allison et al, , 2004de Groot & Nott, 2004;Pajares et al, 2004;Ibeas et al, 2006;Costello et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2011Miller et al, , 2015a. Similarly, combination of longhorn beetle pheromones and host volatiles synergizes attraction of cerambycids (Nakamuta et al, 1997;Fettköther et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2005;Silk et al, 2007;Nehme et al, 2009;Sweeney et al, 2010Sweeney et al, , 2014Pajares et al, 2010;Teale et al, 2011;Allison et al, 2012;Hanks et al, 2012;Macias-Samano et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2015b;Ryall et al, 2015; but see Pajares et al, 2010).…”