Assessing Pine Wilt Disease Risk Under a Climate Change Scenario in Northwestern Spain

Pérez, G.; Díez, Julio Javier; Ibeas, F.; Pajares, J. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8343-3_15

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…High resistance to PWN was reported earlier for P. pinea (Evans et al, 1996), although recent results have reported only moderate resistance (Daub, 2008;Santos et al, 2012). Other pine species susceptible to PWN also occur in the Iberian Peninsula (Naves et al, 2006b), whereas the predominant Mediterranean climate provides the required temperature range for disease development (Rutherford & Webster, 1987;Perez et al, 2008). Host avoidance by feeding vector beetles is a possible explanation for healthy trees escaping nematode infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Shoot feeding, oviposition, and development of Monochamus galloprovincialis on Pinus pinea relative to other pine species

Sánchez-Husillos

Álvarez-Baz

Etxebeste

et al. 2013

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Transmission of the causing agent of the pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among Pinus pinaster Aiton (Pinaceae) trees in Portugal is known to occur during pine sawyer, Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), adult feeding on twigs of healthy trees or during female oviposition on dying or dead trees. Still, the disease does not affect the other potentially susceptible local pine species, Pinus pinea L. Several experiments evaluated the suitability of P. pinea as a host for M. galloprovincialis feeding, oviposition, and progeny development. Feeding responses were studied in two-choice experiments pairing P. pinea twigs with P. pinaster, Pinus halepensis Miller, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus uncinata Miller, and Pinus nigra Arnold. Another test assessed the effect of increased dosages of limonene applied to P. pinaster twigs on M. galloprovincialis feeding. Oviposition preferences for P. pinaster, with either intact or manipulated bark thickness, P. pinea, and P. sylvestris were also studied in two-choice tests. Finally, suitability of P. pinea as a substrate for the development of M. galloprovincialis offspring was tested. Results showed that P. pinea could be an acceptable host for the pine sawyer feeding under laboratory conditions. Only P. sylvestris and P. pinaster twigs were significantly more consumed than those from P. pinea. Control and limonene-treated twigs were eaten similarly, but feeding decreased as dose increased, suggesting an inhibitory effect of limonene. Oviposition wounds, both eggcontaining and eggless, occurred more on P. pinea than on P. sylvestris or P. pinaster, though the percentages of wounds indicating successful egg laying were significantly higher on P. pinaster and P. sylvestris. Monochamus galloprovincialis progeny completed its development on P. pinea, but emergence was lower than on P. sylvestris, likely due to higher mortality during egg and early larval stages. Thus, results on vector host preferences do not explain the observed absence of nematodekilled P. pinea trees in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Shoot feeding, oviposition, and development of Monochamus galloprovincialis on Pinus pinea relative to other pine species

Sánchez-Husillos

Álvarez-Baz

Etxebeste

et al. 2013

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…At country or continental scales, this condition is often used (European Commission ; Pérez et al. ; Robinet et al. ) as a predictor for occurrence of PWD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism underlying this non-occurrence of PWD is probably more complex than just this simple condition (see Evans et al (2008) for the mechanism at the tree scale). At country or continental scales, this condition is often used (European Commission 2008;P erez et al 2008;Robinet et al 2011) as a predictor for occurrence of PWD. It is also possible to consider that global warming may enhance the potential northward spread of PWN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the potential spread of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) inFinland andIberia simulated with a cellular automaton model

Pukkala

Möykkynen

Robinet³

2014

Forest Pathology

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Pinewood nematode (PWN) is one of the most threatening invasive pests in the pine forests of Europe, and it has recently spread to the Iberian Peninsula via import of timber and wooden packaging material from East Asia. A cellular automaton (CA) model was developed to simulate and compare the potential spread of PWN by transportation and its vectors, Monochamus beetles in the pine forests of Finland and Iberian Peninsula. The model assumes that all pines are equally sensitive to PWN. The CA is a spatio-temporal grid-based model, which can easily be applied on different geographical scales. The effects of climate warming and number of entries from ports on the spread of PWN were studied. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the most uncertain model parameters. Twenty years after hypothetical entries, the predicted area of symptomatic PWN infection (pine wilt disease, PWD) was very low in Finland compared to Iberia. This was because of the low probability of warm July in Finland. The increase in the mean July temperature increased the area of PWD-infected pine forest relatively more in Finland than in Iberia. An increase in the number of entries also increased the area of PWD-infected pine forest relatively more in Finland than in Iberia. The probability of PWD infection was the highest in pine forests that were close to entry points and in areas with low elevation and high human population density.

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“… [44] – [47] ). A temperature rise of 2°C could considerably increase the risk of the pine wilt disease development in north western Spain [48] . Consequently, we tested the potential effects of a temperature increase on the spread of this nematode in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Human-Mediated Dispersal in the Spread of the Pinewood Nematode in China

Robinet¹,

Roques²,

et al. 2009

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BackgroundIntensification of world trade is responsible for an increase in the number of alien species introductions. Human-mediated dispersal promotes not only introductions but also expansion of the species distribution via long-distance dispersal. Thus, understanding the role of anthropogenic pathways in the spread of invading species has become one of the most important challenges nowadays.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe analysed the invasion pattern of the pinewood nematode in China based on invasion data from 1982 to 2005 and monitoring data on 7 locations over 15 years. Short distance spread mediated by long-horned beetles was estimated at 7.5 km per year. Infested sites located further away represented more than 90% of observations and the mean long distance spread was estimated at 111–339 km. Railways, river ports, and lakes had significant effects on the spread pattern. Human population density levels explained 87% of the variation in the invasion probability (P<0.05). Since 2001, the number of new records of the nematode was multiplied by a factor of 5 and the spread distance by a factor of 2. We combined a diffusion model to describe the short distance spread with a stochastic, individual based model to describe the long distance jumps. This combined model generated an error of only 13% when used to predict the presence of the nematode. Under two climate scenarios (stable climate or moderate warming), projections of the invasion probability suggest that this pest could expand its distribution 40–55% by 2025.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study provides evidence that human-induced dispersal plays a fundamental role in the spread of the pinewood nematode, and appropriate control measures should be taken to stop or slow its expansion. This model can be applied to Europe, where the nematode had been introduced later, and is currently expanding its distribution. Similar models could also be derived for other species that could be accidentally transported by humans.

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Assessing Pine Wilt Disease Risk Under a Climate Change Scenario in Northwestern Spain

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Shoot feeding, oviposition, and development of Monochamus galloprovincialis on Pinus pinea relative to other pine species

Shoot feeding, oviposition, and development of Monochamus galloprovincialis on Pinus pinea relative to other pine species

Comparison of the potential spread of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) inFinland andIberia simulated with a cellular automaton model

Role of Human-Mediated Dispersal in the Spread of the Pinewood Nematode in China

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