An open-source framework for stress-testing non-invasive foetal ECG extraction algorithms

Andreotti, Fernando; Behar, Joachim A.; Zaunseder, Sebastian; Oster, Julien; Clifford, Gari D.

doi:10.1088/0967-3334/37/5/627

Cited by 144 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Following the recommended report method in Andreotti et al [39], Tables 1, 2 give an overview of the performance of the proposed algorithm. In addition to reporting the 1 min result, we also report the whole 5 min result.…”

Section: Results Of the First Database: Simulation Fecgsym Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first database is the simulated fECG signal database (fecgsym) [39]. The publicly available simulator generates simultaneously the maECG and fECG signals in 34 channels, which model a number of realistic non-stationary physiological phenomena that affect the morphology and dynamics of the aECG, including different kinds of noise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiologically, it is well known that while the underlying mechanism leading to the cardiac activities might be complicated [39], phenomenologically they are similar from beat to beat. There are two dominant parameters that quantify the similarity between cardiac activities-the scaling and the dilation, where the scaling reflects the respiratory activity and the dilation reflects the nonlinear relationship between the RR interval and QT interval.…”

Section: Nonlocal Medianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the evaluation independent of the detection accuracy, we follow the suggestion in Andreotti et al [39] to calculate the MAE only on TP annotations.…”

Section: Evaluation Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, fewer algorithms depend on the singlelead aECG signal; e.g., template subtraction (TS) [13,[23][24][25][26], and its variation based on singular value decomposition (SVD) or principal component analysis [27,28], the time-frequency analysis, like wavelet transform, pseudo-smooth Wigner-Ville distribution [29][30][31][32] (in practice, three aECG channels are averaged in [30]), and S-transform [33], sequential total variation [34], adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and extended Kalman filter [35], particle swarm optimization and extended Kalman smoother [36] state space reconstruction via lag map [37,38], etc. We refer the reader to, e.g., Sameni and Clifford [4] and Andreotti et al [39] for a more detailed review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Extract Fetal ECG from Single-Lead Abdominal ECG by De-Shape Short Time Fourier Transform and Nonlocal Median

2017

Front. Appl. Math. Stat.

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The multiple fundamental frequency detection problem and the source separation problem from a single-channel signal containing multiple oscillatory components and a nonstationary noise are both challenging tasks. To extract the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from a single-lead maternal abdominal ECG, we need to solve both challenges. We propose a novel method to extract the fetal ECG from a single-lead maternal abdominal ECG, without any additional measurement. The algorithm is composed of three components. First, the maternal and fetal heart rates are estimated by the de-shape short time Fourier transform (STFT), which is a recently proposed nonlinear time-frequency analysis technique. The beat tracking technique is the second component which is applied to accurately obtain the maternal and fetal R peaks. The third component consists of establishing the maternal and fetal ECG waveforms by the nonlocal median. The algorithm is tested on two real databases with the annotation provided by experts (adfecgdb database and CinC2013 database) and a simulated database (fecgsym), and provides the state-of-the-art results. We conclude that with the proposed algorithm, the fetal ECG waveform and the fetal heart rate could be accurately obtained from the single-lead maternal abdominal ECG.

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Section: Results Of the First Database: Simulation Fecgsym Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonlocal Medianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the evaluation independent of the detection accuracy, we follow the suggestion in Andreotti et al [39] to calculate the MAE only on TP annotations.…”

Section: Evaluation Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Extract Fetal ECG from Single-Lead Abdominal ECG by De-Shape Short Time Fourier Transform and Nonlocal Median

2017

Front. Appl. Math. Stat.

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Measuring fetal heart rate and variability: Fetal cardiotocography versus electrocardiography

DiPietro

Watson

Raghunathan

2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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Fetal heart rate variability is a key indicator of fetal neurodevelopment and well‐being. Most studies have relied on Doppler‐based fetal cardiotocography (fCTG) but recent technologies have made fetal electrocardiography (fECG) more widely available. We compared simultaneous recordings of fCTG and fECG in 131 fetuses twice during gestation (28 and 36 weeks) using a commercially available device (Monica AN24). Within‐individual correlations for fetal heart rate values, based on averaged data during 50‐min recordings, neared 1.0. Continuous and episodic measures of variability were also correlated, particularly at 36 weeks. Data collected during maternal polysomnography at 36 weeks were used to evaluate reliability of variability measures collected during the 50‐min recording. Both fCTG‐ and fECG‐derived measures of variability exhibited correspondence with variability during maternal presleep wakefulness and most sleep states. Results did not appreciably differ by data source or method used to calculate variability. fECG monitoring presented challenges, particularly at 28 weeks, when recordings with signal loss of ≤30% were available from only 27% of participants. Success rates improved to 84% at 36 weeks. fCTG was successful in over 90% of participants at each gestational age. Considerations in the selection of fECG versus fCTG in developmental research are discussed.

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Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias

et al. 2019

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Objective To assess whether noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NI‐FECG) enables the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias. Methods A total of 500 echocardiography and NI‐FECG recordings were collected from pregnant women during a routine medical visit in this multicenter study. All the cases with fetal arrhythmias (n = 12) and a matching number of control (n = 14) were used. Two perinatal cardiologists analyzed the extracted NI‐FECG while blinded to the echocardiography. The NI‐FECG‐based diagnosis was compared with the reference fetal echocardiography diagnosis. Results NI‐FECG and fetal echocardiography agreed on all cases (Ac = 100%) on the presence of an arrhythmia or not. However, in one case, the type of arrhythmia identified by the NI‐FECG was incorrect because of the low resolution of the extracted fetal P‐wave, which prevented resolving the mechanism (2:1 atrioventricular conduction) of the atrial tachycardia. Conclusion It is possible to diagnose fetal arrhythmias using the NI‐FECG technique. However, this study identifies that improvement in algorithms for reconstructing the P‐wave is critical to systematically resolve the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias. The elaboration of a NI‐FECG Holter device will offer new opportunities for fetal diagnosis and remote monitoring of problematic pregnancies because of its low‐cost, noninvasiveness, portability, and minimal setup requirements.

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An open-source framework for stress-testing non-invasive foetal ECG extraction algorithms

Cited by 144 publications

References 59 publications

Extract Fetal ECG from Single-Lead Abdominal ECG by De-Shape Short Time Fourier Transform and Nonlocal Median

Extract Fetal ECG from Single-Lead Abdominal ECG by De-Shape Short Time Fourier Transform and Nonlocal Median

Measuring fetal heart rate and variability: Fetal cardiotocography versus electrocardiography

Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias

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