Abstract:This study presents a new concept design combining multiple megawatt (MW) vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) and a solar array with a floating steel fish-farming cage. This combined wind–solar–aquaculture (WSA) system is intended to utilize the ocean space and water resources more effectively and more economically, while greatly shortening the payback period of investment in offshore power generation. The details of this WSA design are described, showing that a square-shaped fishing cage serves as a floating … Show more
“…Currently, photovoltaics (PV) is developing very fast. The number of energy prosumers is growing every month [27][28][29][30][31]. The total electrical installed capacity of all RE installations in Poland exceeds 9500 MW in 2020, however the distribution of these installations is not regular throughout the country.…”
The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.
“…Currently, photovoltaics (PV) is developing very fast. The number of energy prosumers is growing every month [27][28][29][30][31]. The total electrical installed capacity of all RE installations in Poland exceeds 9500 MW in 2020, however the distribution of these installations is not regular throughout the country.…”
The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.
“…Some other conceptual designs include a cubic wind-solar-aquaculture platform with four vertical axis turbines ( Fig. 3 a) ( Zheng et al, 2020 ), Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion’s semisubmersible aquaculture-wave platform with solar panel roof ( Successfully, 2019 ), a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, FOWT-aquaculture cage ( Fig. 3 b) and an aquaculture-solar-wind system for salmon farming by Grieg Seafood ( Zheng and Lei, 2018 ; Lei et al, 2020 ; World-first as Grieg installs renewables at salmon farm, 2020 ).…”
Section: Review Of Potential Mpop Designsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 3 a) Aquaculture (300,000 m 3 capacity), wind (12 MW capacity), and solar power (1.52 MW capacity) in a floating platform ( Zheng et al, 2020 ) b) An integrated FOWT (NREL 5-MW) - aquaculture cage (200,000 m 3 ) moored with eight catenary chains ( Zheng and Lei, 2018 ; Lei et al, 2020 ) c) Hex Box by Ocean & (( Aquafarms (2020) )) d) A conceptual design with the capability of being used as an MPOP ( Hexicon, 2020 ) e) Wave Dragon MPOP for wave, wind and aquaculture multi-use. f) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion’s semi-submersible wave powered (200 kW) aquaculture pen with seawater desalination plant on board and solar panel (50 kW) roof ( Successfully, 2019 ).…”
Section: Review Of Potential Mpop Designsmentioning
Sustainable use of the ocean for food and energy production is an emerging area of research in different countries around the world. This goal is pursued by the Australian aquaculture, offshore engineering and renewable energy industries, research organisations and the government through the “Blue Economy Cooperative Research Centre”. To address the challenges of offshore food and energy production, leveraging the benefits of co-location, vertical integration, infrastructure and shared services, will be enabled through the development of novel Multi-Purpose Offshore-Platforms (MPOP). The structural integrity of the designed systems when being deployed in the harsh offshore environment is one of the main challenges in developing the MPOPs. Employing structural reliability analysis methods for assessing the structural safety of the novel aquaculture-MPOPs comes with different limitations. This review aims at shedding light on these limitations and discusses the current status and future directions for structural reliability analysis of a novel aquaculture-MPOP considering Australia’s unique environment. To achieve this aim, challenges which exist at different stages of reliability assessment, from data collection and uncertainty quantification to load and structural modelling and reliability analysis implementation, are discussed. Furthermore, several solutions to these challenges are proposed based on the existing knowledge in other sectors, and particularly from the offshore oil and gas industry. Based on the identified gaps in the review process, potential areas for future research are introduced to enable a safer and more reliable operation of the MPOPs.
“…Furthermore, in this survival condition, the top accelerations and the stresses in the tower base and the mooring lines completely satisfied the design requirements. 26 Lian et al numerically examined the influence of damaged fiber ropes on a hybrid taut-wire mooring system using the numerical floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) model. The examined hybrid mooring system was installed in a depth of 3000 m below the sea level.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, in this survival condition, the top accelerations and the stresses in the tower base and the mooring lines completely satisfied the design requirements. 26…”
In this article, selecting an appropriate mooring system for the spar platform of a wind turbine consisting of chain–cable–chain is investigated based on a meta-heuristic method. A boundary element software is applied to hydrodynamics analysis, and the numerical results are verified by experimental results. According to the characteristics of the experimental mooring system, an appropriate chain is selected for the prototype model, and then a mooring system consisting of chain–cable–chain replaces the chain-based mooring system. Environmental forces have been applied by the conditions of the Caspian Sea. Analysis is done in time domain for irregular wave spectrum of Joint North Sea Wave Project. For the cable in the middle, seven lengths in the range of 30–210 m were considered. The simulations showed that in the cable length of 180 m, the structure exhibits a proper behavior. Also, in order to increase the reliability of the anchor, a portion of the initial chain was reduced and was added to the anchor chain; for this purpose, five different chain lengths from 25 to 65 m have been considered. The results show that for the heave, roll, pitch, and yaw degrees of freedom, the minimum structure oscillation happens in the length of 25 m, finally considering the proper behavior of the structure in the length of 25 m; this length of chain was added to the anchor chain.
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