An Observational Study to Evaluate Associations Between Low-Level Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Cognition During Early Childhood

Donauer, Stephanie; Altaye, Mekibib; Xu, Yingying; Sucharew, Heidi; Succop, Paul; Calafat, Antònia M.; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Yolton, Kimberly

doi:10.1093/aje/kwv447

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…While we expected those with higher SES to have better SRS scores because better health outcomes often accompany higher SES, we also expected insecticide exposure to be higher in women with lower SES because these women may live in less desirable areas where OP insecticides are more likely to be applied. Instead, we observed that women with high SES had higher urinary ΣDAP concentrations, which may be the result of measuring ΣDAP metabolites that came from fresh produce that women with high SES are more likely to consume (Donauer et al, 2016; Yolton et al 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Urinary organophosphate insecticide metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and children's interpersonal, communication, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors at 8 years of age: The home study

Millenson

Braun

Calafat

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Background Prenatal exposure to organophosphate insecticides may be associated with autism spectrum disorders and related behaviors. This association may be modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme. Objective We examined the relationship of prenatal organophosphate insecticide biomarkers with reciprocal social, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors in 8-year old children, and modification of this relationship by child PON1 polymorphisms. Methods Among 224 pregnant women, we quantified concentrations of six nonspecific dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate insecticides in two urine samples collected at ~16 and ~26 weeks gestation. When children were eight years old, we administered the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a continuous measure of various dimensions of interpersonal behavior, communication, and repetitive/stereotypic behaviors. We estimated the association between a 10-fold increase in the sum of six DAP concentrations (ΣDAP) and SRS scores. We examined whether child PON1192 and PON1−108 genotypes modified this association. Results After covariate adjustment, ΣDAP concentrations were not associated with SRS scores [β = −1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.0, 1.6]. Among children with the PON1−108TT genotype, ΣDAP concentrations were associated with 2.5-point higher (95% CI: −4.9, 9.8) SRS scores; however, the association was not different from the 1.8-point decrease (95% CI: −5.8, 2.2) among children with PON1−108CT/CC genotypes (ΣDAP × PON1−108 p-value = 0.54). The association between ΣDAP concentrations and SRS scores was not modified by PON1192 (ΣDAP × PON1192 p-value = 0.89). Conclusions In this cohort, prenatal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with children’s social behaviors; these associations were not modified by child PON1 genotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Urinary organophosphate insecticide metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and children's interpersonal, communication, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors at 8 years of age: The home study

Millenson

Braun

Calafat

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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“…The authors of two recent studies of organophosphate pesticide metabolites and IQ speculated that a reason for the lack of association in higher SES populations was due to the protective effects of higher SES (Cartier et al. 2016; Donauer et al. 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolite Concentrations in Urine during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ at Age 6 Years

Jusko

Dries

Pronk

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Susceptibility to organophosphate (OP) pesticide neurotoxicity may be greatest during the prenatal period; however, previous studies have produced mixed findings concerning in utero OP pesticide exposure and child cognition. Objectives: Our objective was to determine whether maternal urinary concentrations of OP pesticide metabolites are inversely associated with child nonverbal IQ at 6 y of age and to examine potential effect measure modification by the PON1 gene. Methods: Data came from 708 mother–child pairs participating in the Generation R Study. Maternal urine concentrations of six dialkylphosphates (DAPs), collected at , 18–25, and of gestation, were determined. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 y of age using the Mosaics and Categories subtests from the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised. PON1 was determined in cord blood for 474 infants. Multiple linear regression models were fit to estimate the DAP–IQ associations and PON1 interactions. Results: Overall, associations between child nonverbal IQ and maternal DAP concentrations were small and imprecise, and these associations were inconsistent across urine sampling periods. However, for a 10-fold difference in total DAP concentration for the of gestation samples, adjusted child nonverbal IQ was 3.9 points lower (95% CI: , ). Heterogeneity in the DAP–IQ association by PON1 gene allele status was not observed ( ). Conclusions: Consistent evidence of an association between higher maternal urinary DAP concentrations and lower child IQ scores at 6 y of age was not observed. There was some evidence for an inverse relation of child nonverbal IQ and late pregnancy urinary DAPs, but the estimated association was imprecise. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3024

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“…This supports preliminary findings from a recent systematic review and meta-analysis that found potential protection of fruit and vegetable consumption against wheeze and asthma [ 24 ]. Socio-economic status may also impact respiratory health [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Pesticide Exposure and Child Respiratory Health

Gilden

Friedmann

Holmes

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Childhood wheeze may be related to pesticide exposure, and diet and genetics (Paroxonase; PON1) may modify the effects of exposure. Methods: We analyzed data from the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort, to examine the association of gestational urinary organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (3PBA) metabolite concentrations with child wheeze, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at ages 4 and 5 years, and wheeze trajectory patterns through age 8 years. Results: Among 367 singletons, the frequency of wheeze ranged from 10.6% to 24.1% at each measurement age. OP and 3PBA metabolite concentrations were not associated with wheeze at 8 years or from birth to 8 years, but there were three significant interactions: (1) maternal daily fruit and vegetable consumption (less than daily consumption and increasing 3PBA was associated with wheeze at age 8 years, OR = 1.40), (2) maternal PON1-108 allele (CT/TT genotypes and high DE was associated with wheeze at age 8 years, OR = 2.13, 2.74) and (3) PON1192 alleles (QR/RR genotypes with higher diethylphosphate (DE) and dialkyl phosphate (DAP) were associated with wheeze at age 8 years, OR = 3.84). Pesticide metabolites were not consistently related to FEV1 or wheeze trajectory. Conclusions: Gestational OP and 3PBA metabolites were associated with child respiratory outcomes in participants with maternal dietary and genetic susceptibility.

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An Observational Study to Evaluate Associations Between Low-Level Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Cognition During Early Childhood

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Urinary organophosphate insecticide metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and children's interpersonal, communication, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors at 8 years of age: The home study

Urinary organophosphate insecticide metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and children's interpersonal, communication, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors at 8 years of age: The home study

Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolite Concentrations in Urine during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ at Age 6 Years

Gestational Pesticide Exposure and Child Respiratory Health

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