An observational descriptive survey of rosacea in the Chinese population: clinical features based on the affected locations

Abstract

BackgroundThere is currently no study that has evaluated the differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics among rosacea patients according to different facial sites.MethodsClinical and demographic data were obtained from 586 rosacea patients. The patients were divided into four groups based on the main sites involved with the rosacea lesions (full-face, cheeks, nose, or perioral involvement). Clinical signs were measured through self-reported, dermatologist-evaluated grading of symptoms, and physiological indicators of epidermal barrier function.ResultsThere were 471 (80.4%), 49 (8.4%), 52 (8.9%), and 14 (2.4%) cases in the full-face, cheek, nasal and perioral groups, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, the full-face group had lower water content and higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the cheeks, and chin; the perioral group had lower water content and higher TEWL in the chin; while the nasal group had the normal water content and TEWL. Compared with the full-face group, the nasal group had more severe phymatous changes, less severe self-reported and dermatologist-evaluated grading of symptoms. All the patients in the perioral or the nasal group had their first rosacea lesions start and remain at the chin or on the nose. In the full-face group, 55.8% of patients had their lesions start with the full face, 40.1% on the cheek, and the rest (4.1%) on the nose.ConclusionSignificant differences in clinical features were observed among rosacea patients with lesions at four different sites. The lesion localization of each group was relatively stable and barely transferred to other locations.

Noninvasive objective skin measurement methods for rosacea assessment: a systematic review

“…In general, a wide range of skin capacitance values was reported (16·5–381·6 a.u.). Case–control studies demonstrated that skin hydration in patients with ETR and PPR was significantly lower than in controls . Moreover, Kim et al .…”

“…Most studies found normal sebum levels and skin surface lipid composition in patients compared with controls, and no correlation with disease severity or rosacea subtype existed . Two case–control studies found lower than normal skin surface lipids in patients with PPR, and another higher oil levels in patients with nasal rosacea . A fourth study showed significant differences in lipid composition on the back of patients (Table S4).…”

“…Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was assessed in 16 studies . TEWL is widely accepted as a reference parameter to investigate epidermal permeability barrier function .…”

“…TEWL is widely accepted as a reference parameter to investigate epidermal permeability barrier function . Seven studies used open measurement chambers, two studies unventilated closed measurement chambers, and in seven studies the measurement principle was not specified …”

“…Skin pH was measured with pH‐meters in three studies . Results were inconclusive: one case–control study found significantly higher centrofacial pH values in patients with PPR vs. controls, while the other did not .…”