An objective method for the assessment of levelness of dyed materials

Chong, Chiew Let; Li, S Q; Yeung, K.W.

doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1992.tb01405.x

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Reflectance values at 8 different points on the sample swatch were measured using spectrophotometry (Macbeth Color-Eye 7000 A) with D65 illuminant and 10 • standard observer within the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). The RUIs for the pigment dyed fabric samples were calculated using Equations (3) and (4) [2,3,13]. …”

Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Dark Shade Pigment Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Plasma Treatment

Kan

Man

2017

Coatings

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This study is intended to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on dark shade pigment dyeing of cotton fabric. Experimental results reveal that plasma-treated cotton fabric can attain better color yield, levelness, and crocking fastness in dark shade pigment dyeing, compared with normal cotton fabric (not plasma treated). SEM analysis indicates that cracks and grooves were formed on the cotton fiber surface where the pigment and the binder can get deposited and improve the color yield, levelness, and crocking fastness. It was also noticed that pigment was aggregated when deposited on the fiber surface which could affect the final color properties.

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Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Dark Shade Pigment Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Plasma Treatment

Kan

Man

2017

Coatings

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“…Irregularity is normally not acceptable, with the exception of stone-washed, acid-washed or pigment-dyed textiles, where an effect is sought to comply with a fashion trend (Chong et al, 1992). Uniform distribution of a shade within a dyed fabric is affected by several factors (Shivramkrishnan, 1983).…”

Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common practice for evaluating color levelness today is based on the visual assessment of one or more observers. While in some cases the grading is simply a pass or failure, in others it is finer tuned by assigning a number such as 5 for the most level and 1 for the least level (Chong et al, 1992;Yang & Li, 1993). Visual assessments are highly dependent on the judgment of the observer; therefore, significant deviations occur in human assessment estimates.…”

Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Communication of levelness data is therefore difficult to assess among suppliers, laboratories, and manufacturers. Due to the shortcoming of visual assessments, several colorists have suggested objective methods to measure color levelness (Cardamone et al, 1995;Chong et al, 1992;Yang & Li, 1993). Scientists have previously used the colorimetric data of fabric obtained from a spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists have previously used the colorimetric data of fabric obtained from a spectrophotometer. While some have calculated the standard deviation of the reflectance measurements of the spectrophotometer (Chong et al, 1992), others have instead suggested using K/S values (Yang & Li, 1993). In both approaches, levelness is derived from the variation of reflectance after the spectrum is adjusted with the spectral limunus efficiency function (Wyszechki & Stiles, 2000).…”

Section: Levelnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future of Dye House Quality Control with the Introduction of Right-First Dyeing Technologies

Gunay¹

2011

Textile Dyeing

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The manufacturing of a textile begins with the fiber input, whereby each processing step results in an added cost to the final product. As dyeing of a textile is often the last step in the manufacturing of a fabric, it requires extra caution to get it right by avoiding waste and maintaining cost control. Only under favourable conditions is it possible to get it right the first time. In the past, it was not unusual for a dyer to re-dye until the target shade was reached. A typical strategy was to start with a base recipe that undershot the target shade. After each dyeing the missing dye component was added to the bath until the shade was matched. The smaller the number of reformulation, the more skilful the dyer was considered. The Right-First-Time (RFT) dyeing concept was introduced in 1970 and became a desired feature of textile dyeing. This concept meant that at each dyeing the target shade was achieved the first time, hence not requiring re-dyeing. However, the successful evolution of the concept depended on work carried out over many years by a relatively small number of organizations. Many application research and development projects were carried out mainly by the laboratory, pilot-plant and bulk-scale equipment of the major users and manufacturers of dyes and equipment, as well as by universities. Since the end of 20th century, with the increased competition, dye houses are asked to meet more exact requirements while they are under pressure to reduce the cost of manufacturing. In order to stay competitive and be in business, they were required to exercise tighter quality control and seek ways to optimize dyeings. This necessitated the understanding of a) dyes, chemicals and substrates and their compatibilities; and b) the parameters that influence the rate and extent of dye uptake by the substrate (Park & Shore, 2007). The variables that are objectively measured and monitored during a dyeing for quality control purposes have traditionally been limited to time, temperature, pH, and conductivity. Measurement of the fabric shade reflectance is only utilized in the development of new recipes/procedures and the verification of the dyed fabric shade. The development of recipes/procedures and the debugging of dyeing problems continue to rely on indirect information obtained by ad-hoc trail and errors, subjective observations, and visual assessments of dyers. The first prototype system (Beck et al., 1990;Keaton & Glover, 1985) to measure the dye build up directly in real-time during a dyeing was developed in 1990's. However, due to technological limitations such as; a) the high cost of spectrophotometers, b) the low computation speed that is not sufficient to process the data generated by the 7 www.intechopen.com

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Determination of dyeing levelness using surface irregularity function

Gunay

2009

Color Research & Application

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An acceptably dyed fabric must be a match to the target and is visually even in appearance, that is, level. Although color difference measurement can objectively determine whether a match has been achieved, levelness is still determined subjectively, leading to inevitable disagreements between dyer and customer. The levelness of a series of dyed fabrics has been objectively evaluated using a surface irregularity function derived from analysis of digital images of the fabrics. The measurements derived correlate more closely to visual assessment than do K/S measurements.

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An objective method for the assessment of levelness of dyed materials

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancing Dark Shade Pigment Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Plasma Treatment

Enhancing Dark Shade Pigment Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Plasma Treatment

The Future of Dye House Quality Control with the Introduction of Right-First Dyeing Technologies

Determination of dyeing levelness using surface irregularity function

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