An $n$-PWM DC–DC Converter Modeling: Switched Systems Meets Fourier Series

Magossi, Rafael F. Q.; Elias, Leandro J.; Faria, Flávio A.; Machado, Ricardo Q.; Oliveira, Vilma A.

doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3071702

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The dwell time in the EMI receiver can be configured by using the user interface at different values. It is important to notice that the interval of sampled values (N) discretized in the STFT (5) are much smaller than the dwell time [16]. The value of the dwell time matters to measure stable and steady signals.…”

Section: A Deterministic Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In microgrid topologies, DC distribution systems have the potential to support high penetrations of distributed renewable energy generation systems [4]. Thus, most of the power electronic converters used in microgrid topologies are DC/DC converters [5]. These DC/ DC converters rely on the use of switching devices, such as MOS-FETs and IGBTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on(5), the parameters are given by x[n -m] as the sampled signal measured in time domain, w[n] is the discretized window, N is the length of a DFT signal calculation, n is an integer ranging from 0 to N -1. Finally, k is an integer from 0 to N -1 that stores the element number of the spectrogram Z[m,k] in the frequency domain and m is the integer value of the element number for the spectrogram.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Pseudo-Random Modulation on Measured Conducted EMI

Peña-Quintal

Loschi

Smoleński

et al. 2022

IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag.

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This paper demonstrates that using conventional frequency scanning methods for the evaluation of conducted electromagnetic interference generated by DC/DC converters can give misleading results when pseudo-random modulation is used as part of the converter control scheme. The paper therefore proposes that the resolution bandwidth of the super heterodyne EMI test receiver used for measurements and the dwell time should be adjusted to match the control parameters of the random modulation scheme. The use of different values for resolution bandwidth and dwell time is demonstrated and measurements for random and fixed modulation schemes are compared.

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Section: A Deterministic Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Pseudo-Random Modulation on Measured Conducted EMI

Peña-Quintal

Loschi

Smoleński

et al. 2022

IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag.

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“…Furthermore, the model can become very complex if the modeled converter is operating in a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or if the modeled converter has a high order [8]. A recent advance in power electronics state-space modeling is presented in [10]. The authors combine Fourier series and classical state-space modeling to model DC-DC with multiple driving pulse-width modulated (PWM) signals without increasing the number of state variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Solution for Transient Reactive Elements for DC-DC Converter Circuits

et al. 2022

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This paper develops an analytical method for modeling the inductor currents and capacitor voltages (ICCV) of a generic DC-DC converter system. The purpose of the designed methodology is to propose a new generalized modeling technique for DC-DC converter systems that accurately models the transient behavior of those systems. The modeled converter is assumed to operate over some number of circuit stages. Each circuit stage can be separately modeled as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system that is solved through the uni-lateral Laplace transform. Furthermore, the initial conditions (ICs) of these LTI systems are related through different algebraic expressions and discrete-time difference equations that originate from the continuity of the ICCV with respect to time. These discrete-time difference equations are then solved with the uni-lateral Z-transform to determine the ICs of the ICCV at each switching period. The generalized theoretical analysis is applied to the study of the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter across various different circuit parameters. This analysis justified with laboratory experimentation of the buck-boost converter, and the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter is compared for each experimental parameter set. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis provide very similar results across the different converter parameters.

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“…In smart grids, most of the power electronic converters used are DC/DC converters [74]. These DC/DC converters rely on the use of switching devices, such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFET) and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT).…”

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation Algorithms of Power Electronic Converters for Shaping of Conducted Interference

Loschi¹

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Remarkably, over the last few decades, the electromagnetic interference within 9 to 150 kHz was especially accentuated since the switching frequency of power electronic converters is still limited to several kHz. Thus, bringing up the debate on regulation. From the point of view of the electromagnetic interference noise shape, two cases represent the extremes of possibilities among the various possible converter control algorithms: the deterministic and pseudo-random modulation.Pseudo-random modulation has been considered a complementary methodology to achieve electromagnetic compatibility, jointly with the electromagnetic interference filters and improvements on the printed circuit board layouts. The pseudorandom modulation methodology has also been utilized as prior-art for the reduction of converter power losses while achieving a target control dynamics or system power density or cost, and/or to achieve a flattening of power efficiency curves as function of processed power, and to improve control dynamics in transient operations. Notwithstanding, the impact of pseudo-random modulation on measured conducted electromagnetic interference is still unclear for the low frequency range.For instance, evaluating any electromagnetic interference noise spreading approach is not apparent once it depends on several pseudo-random modulation parameters, dwell time and resolution bandwidth. The conventional super-heterodyne frequency band stepping EMI test receiver defines the dwell time and the resolution bandwidth. For this reason, historically, pseudo-random modulations have been questioned and accused of being a fraudulent way of passing regulations. Nonetheless, research has been presented over the last decades to support the electromagnetic interference noise spreading approach in practical situations, e.g., with power line communication systems.Thus, the research carried out and presented in this thesis, all in all, proposed pseudo-random modulation control algorithms with a random stream based on different methods. The National Instruments PXI with Field-Programmable Gate Array was used as a cyber-physical platform for fast prototyping. This engineering tool enables the necessary electromagnetic interference investigations. The detail Field-Programmable Gate Array implementation and benchmarking of each studied methods are given. Although pseudo-random modulation methods exist previously to this v VI SUMMARY thesis work, the main novelty of the proposed developments lies in the identification and selection of the most suited random stream method for the problem at hand, and its necessary modification for implementation in a fixed-point processor. In this way demonstrating that it is possible to develop new, dedicated converter control algorithms that allow shaping the spectrum of disturbances to meet standardization or technical requirements.Furthermore, once it has been found that the conventional EMC test based on frequency scanning might not be sufficient to evaluate pseudo-random modulated DC/DC converter appropri...

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An $n$-PWM DC–DC Converter Modeling: Switched Systems Meets Fourier Series

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Pseudo-Random Modulation on Measured Conducted EMI

Impact of Pseudo-Random Modulation on Measured Conducted EMI

Analytical Solution for Transient Reactive Elements for DC-DC Converter Circuits

Modulation Algorithms of Power Electronic Converters for Shaping of Conducted Interference

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