“…Meshless methods have been successfully applied to a wide range of problems, such as free surface [38][39][40][41], impact magnetohydrodynamics [42][43], explosion phenomena [44][45], heat conduction [46][47], fracture and crack propagation [48][49], wave propagation [50][51], acoustics and fluid flow [52][53], vibration analysis [54][55][56], beams [57][58], plates and shells [59][60], and nanoscale mechanics [61][62][63][64][65][66]. A methodological study on possible and existing meshfree methods is presented in G. R. Liu [67] to solve the partial differential equations governing solid mechanics problems.…”