An LRR receptor kinase regulates growth, development and pathogenesis in Phytophthora capsici

Safdar, Asma; Li, Qi; Shen, Danyu; Chen, Linlin; He, Feng; Wang, Rongbo; Zhang, Meixiang; Mafurah, Joseph Juma; Khan, Sajid Aleem; Dou, Daolong

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2017.01.008

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Expressed sequence tag analysis reveals that oomycete LRR-RLK-encoding genes are expressed during vegetative growth and host infection [14]. We recently reported that PcLRR-RK1 functions in Phytophthora capsici virulence and development of mycelium, sporangia, and zoospores ( Safdar et al., 2017 ). Only one to two RLKs can be found in species such as Hyaloperonospora parasitica and Pythium ultimum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora sojae leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases: diverse and essential roles in development and pathogenicity

Pei

Shen

et al. 2021

iScience

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Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are critical signal receptors in plant development and defense. Like plants, oomycete pathogen genomes also harbor LRR-RLKs, but their functions remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically characterize all the 24 LRR-RLK genes (PsRLKs) from Phytophthora sojae, which is a model of oomycete pathogens. Although none of them was required for vegetative growth, the specific PsRLKs are important for stress responses, zoospore production, zoospores chemotaxis, and pathogenicity. Interestingly, the Ga subunit PsGPA1 interacts with the five chemotaxis-related PsRLKs via their intracellular kinase domains, and expression of PsGPA1 gene is downregulated in the three mutants (DPsRLK17/22/24). Moreover, we generated the PsRLK-PsRLK interaction network of P. sojae and found that PsRLK21, together with PsRLK10 or PsRLK17, regulate virulence by direct association. Taken together, our results reveal the diverse roles of LRR-RLKs in modulating P. sojae development, interaction with soybean, and responses to diverse environmental factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora sojae leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases: diverse and essential roles in development and pathogenicity

Pei

Shen

et al. 2021

iScience

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“…For example, the silencing of a gene encoding a dynamin-related protein (PsVPS1) was reported to result in abnormal cyst germination and inhibited infections of soybean by Phytophthora sojae 25 . In Phytophthora capsici, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing kinases contribute to sporangium formation, zoospore release, cyst germination, and infection of Nicotiana benthamiana 26 . Our preliminary analysis of transcription in the presence of β-rubromycin during cyst germination indicated that the expression levels of genes encoding dynamin-like proteins (PITG_08836, 08837, and 08838) and an LRR receptor kinase gene (PITG_17495) were unaffected by β-rubromycin (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

Tani

Nishio

Kai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying life-stage transitions in Phytophthora infestans, we initiated a chemical genetics approach by screening for a stage-specific inhibitor of morphological development from microbial culture extracts prepared mostly from actinomycetes from soil in Japan. Of the more than 700 extracts, one consistently inhibited Ph. infestans cyst germination. Purification and identification of the active compound by ESI–MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR identified β-rubromycin as the inhibitor of cyst germination (IC50 = 19.8 μg/L); β-rubromycin did not inhibit growth on rye media, sporangium formation, zoospore release, cyst formation, or appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. Further analyses revealed that β-rubromycin inhibited the germination of cysts and oospores in Pythium aphanidermatum. A chemical genetic approach revealed that β-rubromycin stimulated the expression of RIO kinase-like gene (PITG_04584) by 60-fold in Ph. infestans. Genetic analyses revealed that PITG_04584, which lacks close non-oomycete relatives, was involved in zoosporogenesis, cyst germination, and appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. These data imply that further functional analyses of PITG_04584 may contribute to new methods to suppress diseases caused by oomycetes.

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“…For silencing of RXLR25 in P. capsici , a specific sequence (545–1278 bp) from RXLR25 was amplified and cloned into the pTOR vector and introduced into P. capsici LT263 by polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐mediated protoplast transformation (Safdar et al ., 2017). Putative transformants were selected on V8 agar plates containing 30 μg ml −1 G418.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phytophthora capsici RXLR effector targets and inhibits the central immune kinases to suppress plant immunity

et al. 2021

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Summary Receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily VII (RLCK‐VII) proteins are the central immune kinases in plant pattern‐recognition receptor (PRR) complexes, and they orchestrate a complex array of defense responses against bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, the role of RLCK‐VII in plant–oomycete pathogen interactions has not been established. Phytophthora capsici is a notorious oomycete pathogen that infects many agriculturally important vegetables. Here, we report the identification of RXLR25, an RXLR effector that is required for the virulence of P. capsici. In planta expression of RXLR25 significantly enhanced plants’ susceptibility to Phytophthora pathogens. Microbial pattern‐induced immune activation in Arabidopsis was severely impaired by RXLR25. We further showed that RXLR25 interacts with RLCK‐VII proteins. Using nine rlck‐vii high‐order mutants, we observed that RLCK‐VII‐6 and RLCK‐VII‐8 members are required for resistance to P. capsici. The RLCK‐VII‐6 members are specifically required for Phytophthora culture filtrate (CF)‐induced immune responses. RXLR25 directly targets RLCK‐VII proteins such as BIK1, PBL8, and PBL17 and inhibits pattern‐induced phosphorylation of RLCK‐VIIs to suppress downstream immune responses. This study identified a key virulence factor for P. capsici, and the results revealed the importance of RLCK‐VII proteins in plant–oomycete interactions.

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An LRR receptor kinase regulates growth, development and pathogenesis in Phytophthora capsici

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Phytophthora sojae leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases: diverse and essential roles in development and pathogenicity

Phytophthora sojae leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases: diverse and essential roles in development and pathogenicity

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

A Phytophthora capsici RXLR effector targets and inhibits the central immune kinases to suppress plant immunity

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