A <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> RXLR effector targets and inhibits the central immune kinases to suppress plant immunity

Liang, Xiangxiu; Bao, Yazhou; Zhang, Meixiang; Du, Dandan; Rao, Shaofei; Li, Yixin; Wang, Xiaodan; Xu, Guangyuan; Zhou, Zhaoyang; Shen, Danyu; Chang, Qing; Duan, Weiwei; Ai, Gan; Lü, Jie; Zhou, Jian‐Min; Dou, Daolong

doi:10.1111/nph.17573

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Transient expression of PvRXLR11, which is an effector of Plasmopara viticola , in N. benthamiana enhances P. capsici infection, indicating that PvRXLR11 can suppress host defence responses by stabilizing VvWRKY40 (Ma et al, 2021 ). RXLR25, a virulence factor and effector of P. capsici , inhibits the phosphorylation of target proteins of host plants to suppress immunity and promote Phytophthora pathogen infection of host plants (Liang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The secreted ribonuclease T2 protein FoRnt2 contributes to Fusarium oxysporum virulence

Qian

Wang

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Secreted RNase proteins have been reported from only a few pathogens, and relatively little is known about their biological functions. Fusarium oxysporum is a soilborne fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt, one of the most important diseases on tomato. During the infection of F. oxysporum , some proteins are secreted that modulate host plant immunity and promote pathogen invasion. In this study, we identify an RNase, FoRnt2, from the F. oxysporum secretome that belongs to the ribonuclease T2 family. FoRnt2 possesses an N‐terminal signal peptide and can be secreted from F. oxysporum . FoRnt2 exhibited ribonuclease activity and was able to degrade the host plant total RNA in vitro dependent on the active site residues H80 and H142. Deletion of the FoRnt2 gene reduced fungal virulence but had no obvious effect on mycelial growth and conidial production. The expression of FoRnt2 in tomato significantly enhanced plant susceptibility to pathogens. These data indicate that FoRnt2 is an important contributor to the virulence of F. oxysporum , possibly through the degradation of plant RNA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The secreted ribonuclease T2 protein FoRnt2 contributes to Fusarium oxysporum virulence

Qian

Wang

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…A large number of RLKs can specifically recognize PAMPs from pathogens and serve as PRRs in the PM (Böhm et al, 2014). A recent study reported that the P. capsici effector RxLR25 inhibits the phosphorylation of BIK1, a core component of FLS2-mediated signaling, to enhance virulence against pathogens (Liang et al, 2021). In this study, we demonstrated that CRISIS2 constitutively associated with BAK1, eventually disturbing the flg22-induced association between FLS2 and BAK1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phytophthora capsici RxLR effector CRISIS2 has roles in suppression of PTI and triggering cell death in host plant

Mang

Seo

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Pathogen effectors can suppress various plant immune responses, suggesting their multiple targets in the host. To understand the mechanisms underlying plasma membrane-associated and effector-mediated immunity, we performed Phytophthora capsici CRISIS screening. In Nicotiana benthamiana, cell death induced by the RxLR effector CRISIS2 is inhibited by irreversible plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) activator fusicoccin. Biochemical and gene silencing analyses revealed that CRISIS2 physically and functionally associates with PMAs and induces cell death independent of immune receptors. CRISIS2 induces apoplastic alkalization by suppressing PMA activity by association with the C-terminal regulatory domain of PMA. In planta expression of CRISIS2 significantly enhanced virulence of P. capsici, whereas host-induced gene silencing of CRISIS2 compromised disease symptom and biomass of P. capsici. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed CRISIS2 associates with BAK1, the co-receptor of PRRs. CRISIS2 interferes with the FLS2-BAK1 complex induced by flagellin perception and impairs downstream signaling from PRR complex. Proteomics and gene silencing assays identified putative PRRs negatively regulate the virulence of P. capsici in N. benthamiana as interactors of CRISIS2 and BAK1. Our study identified a novel RxLR effector playing multiple roles in suppression of plant defense and induction of cell death to support the pathogen hemibiotrophic life cycle in the host plant.

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“…Consistent with this, Xoo1488 suppresses chitin-induced immune responses, indicating that OsRLCK185 is a virulence target of Xoo1488. The oomycete pathogen Phytopthora capsici effector RXLR25 and Colletotrichum fungi effector NIS1 have been reported to suppress PAMP-induced phosphorylation of RLCK-VII proteins by direct interaction (Irieda et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Regulatory Roles Of Rlcks In Nlr-mediated Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases

Liang

Zhang

2022

Stress Biology

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As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with environmental change and numerous biotic and abiotic stress. Upon perceiving environmental cues and stress signals using different types of receptors, plant cells initiate immediate and complicated signaling to regulate cellular processes and respond to stress. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) transduce signals from receptors to cellular components and play roles in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the hubbing roles of RLCKs in plant responses to biotic stress. Emerging evidence indicates the important regulatory roles of RLCKs in plant responses to abiotic stress, growth, and development. As a pivot of cellular signaling, the activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically and tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how RLCKs regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress.

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A Phytophthora capsici RXLR effector targets and inhibits the central immune kinases to suppress plant immunity

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

The secreted ribonuclease T2 protein FoRnt2 contributes to Fusarium oxysporum virulence

The secreted ribonuclease T2 protein FoRnt2 contributes to Fusarium oxysporum virulence

The Phytophthora capsici RxLR effector CRISIS2 has roles in suppression of PTI and triggering cell death in host plant

Regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases

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