An iron phenylphosphinate@graphene oxide nanohybrid enabled flame-retardant, mechanically reinforced, and thermally conductive epoxy nanocomposites

Chen, Qiang; Liu, Lei; Zhang, Anlin; Wang, Wenduo; Wang, Zhengzhou; Zhang, Jianzhong; Feng, Jiabing; Huo, Siqi; Zeng, Xuesen; Song, Pingan

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140424

Cited by 85 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The T 5% and T max of virgin VER were 354 and 418°C, respectively, which were the highest among all samples. The VER‐0.7, VER‐1 and VER‐1.3 samples showed the reduced T 5% and T max values, mainly due to the catalytic decomposition effect of phosphorus‐containing group in DOPO‐TGIC 27–29 . Notably, the CY values of the P/N‐containing VER samples were much higher than that of virgin VER.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The VER-0.7, VER-1 and VER-1.3 samples showed the reduced T 5% and T max values, mainly due to the catalytic decomposition effect of phosphorus-containing group in DOPO-TGIC. [27][28][29] Notably, the CY values of the P/Ncontaining VER samples were much higher than that of virgin VER. For instance, the CY of VER was only 8.8%, while that of VER-1.3% was up to 26.4%, which was increased by twofold.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Vermentioning

confidence: 95%

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Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Qiu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Due to the plasticizing effect, the phosphorus-derived flame retardants often imparted flame retardancy to thermosetting resins at the expense of heat resistance. To address this issue, the phosphorous/nitrogen flame retardant (DOPO-TGIC) and 4,4 0 -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) were covalently introduced into the cross-linked network of vinyl ester resin (VER) by the reaction of the OH groups in DOPO-TGIC and VER and the NCO groups in MDI. Thus, an intrinsically flame-retardant VER was obtained. The as-prepared VER sample exhibited increased glass-transition temperature (T g ) relative to virgin VER sample because DOPO-TGIC served as an additional cross-linking point during curing. Meanwhile, the P/N-containing VER sample featured superior flame-retardant properties, with a UL-94V-0 classification. Compared with VER sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the P/N-containing VER sample were reduced by 55.6% and 44.0%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy was mainly due to the suppressed burning reaction in the gas phase and improved carbonization capacity in the condensed phase. Therefore, this work proposes a novel and effective strategy for addressing the trade-off between T g and flame retardancy of thermosetting resins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Thermal Stability Of Vermentioning

confidence: 95%

Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Qiu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…From the FTIR spectra at different temperatures in Figure b, the major gaseous products of PA6 were found to be −CO-NH– (3739 and 3445 cm –1 ), −CH– (2938 cm –1 , 2870 cm –1 , 1500 to 1400 cm –1 ), CO 2 (2358 and 2322 cm –1 ), and CO (1713 cm –1 ), demonstrating the major degradation mode re-equilibrated to the cyclic products of monomers or oligomers and elimination reactions. , For PA6/14%MCA, as shown in Figure c, the decomposition products were similar to that of PA6, which demonstrated that MCA did not modify the major degradation route of PA6. After BPGA was added (Figure d), substances containing the P–Ph (1436 cm –1 ) structure and PO (1315 cm –1 ) structure were released.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Shan

Yan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A poly(triazine-phosphamide) BPGA constituted of benzene melamine and phenyl phosphonic dichloride was synthesized and characterized, and the synergistic flame-retardant properties and mechanism of BPGA/melamine cyanurate (MCA) in polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated. The combination of BPGA and MCA with a mass ratio of 7/7 exerted the best flameretardant effects in improving flame retardancy (higher LOI value), self-extinguishing property (higher UL 94 grade), and higher quality retention (more char residue). BPGA/MCA showed a good synergistic charring effect, forming more high-temperature thermally stable residues with rich P−N cross-linked structures due to the interactions or reactions between BPGA and MCA in condensed phase; especially, the former significantly affected the thermal decomposition behavior of the matrix. In the gas phase, the combination of BPGA and MCA supplied a sustained high content of noncombustible gases in flame during the main degradation stage of the matrix, which facilitated the dilution of the concentration of flammable gases and oxygen. Meanwhile, P-containing radicals resulting from the thermal decomposition of BPGA could quench the free-radical chain reactions during combustion, thereby suppressing the flame. Thus, this lifted flame-retardant efficiency mainly contributed to the gas-phase flame inhibition mechanism without ignoring the shielding effect of char layers in the condensed phase.

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“…Unsaturated polyester (UP) is widely used in transportation, building materials, and electrical insulation and has become a valuable engineering resin because of its superior mechanical resistance, excellent electrical insulation, and ease of processing. − Since neat UP is flammable, its applications are greatly limited, thus leading to an increasing demand for flame-retardant UP. Incorporating flame-retardant additives into the UP matrix is a convenient way to obtain flame-retardant UP materials. − Traditionally, halogenated flame retardants were widely used; however, with an increasing awareness of environmental protection, halogen-free flame retardants have become increasingly popular for UP, including two-dimensional materials, − intumescent flame retardants, , and organophosphorus flame retardants. − Due to their high efficacy, low toxicity, and good compatibility with the polymer matrix, organophosphorus flame retardants have become viable flame retardants. − Zhao et al synthesized a poly(hydroxyphenyl imino methyl phenol spirocyclic pentaerythritol diphosphonate), and its addition into UP led to a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.2% and a UL 94 V-0 rating in the resultant flame-retardant UP as well as a sharp decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 60%, demonstrating a dramatic enhancement in flame retardancy. Liquid organophosphorus flame retardants have some shortcomings, even though previous studies have shown that they can enhance flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Fire Retardant via Hierarchical Assembly for Improved Fire Retardancy of Unsaturated Polyester

Qiu

Chevali

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Unsaturated polyester (UP) has many important industrial applications, including transportation, building materials, and electrical insulation. However, UP resins are extremely flammable, thus restricting their real-world applications. Herein, we report a mesoporous silica-based ternary flame retardant (NF@SiO2-D) for UP by loading nickel ferrite and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) via hierarchical assembly. NF@SiO2-D acts as a fire extinguisher of UP through the combined effect of mesoporous silica, nickel ferrite, and DMMP. The peak and total heat release rates of the UP matrix decreased by 36.3% and 36.9%, respectively, after the incorporation of 10 phr NF@SiO2-D. More importantly, when NF nanoparticles were present, the smoke production of the UP matrix was reduced by 41.5% compared to the control samples without NF nanoparticles. In addition, 20 phr of NF@SiO2-D enabled the UP to achieve a self-extinguishing ability and a desired V-0 grade in the UL 94 test. The flame-retarding UP composites with NF nanoparticles also exhibited better thermal stability and T g than the control samples. The resultant fire-retardant UP composites are anticipated to find more industrial applications.

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An iron phenylphosphinate@graphene oxide nanohybrid enabled flame-retardant, mechanically reinforced, and thermally conductive epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 85 publications

References 63 publications

Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Fire Retardant via Hierarchical Assembly for Improved Fire Retardancy of Unsaturated Polyester

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