An Investigation of the Oxidation‐reduction Potential and of the Effect of Oxygen on the Germination and Outgrowth of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> Spores, using Platinum Electrodes

Douglas, F. E.; Hambleton, R.; Rigby, G. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1973.tb04148.x

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The oxidation-reduction potential of the diluent increased during aeration of the bacterial suspensions. However, high oxidation-reduction potential is not, in itself, a factor responsible for repression of the multiplication of anaerobes (6,20,27,28,33). Cell death, observed in our studies, appears to be mediated through molecular oxygen or oxygen reduction products rather than through oxidized cysteine or adverse oxidation-reduction potentials.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria

Rolfe

Hentges

Campbell

et al. 1978

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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The effect of atmospheric oxygen on the viability of 13 strains of anaerobic bacteria, two strains of facultative bacteria, and one aerobic organism was examined. There were great variations in oxygen tolerance among the bacteria. All facultative bacteria survived more than 72 h of exposure to atmospheric oxygen. The survival time for anaerobes ranged from less than 45 min for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius to more than 72 h for two Clostridium perfringens strains. An effort was made to relate the degree of oxygen tolerance to the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases in cell-free extracts of the bacteria. All facultative bacteria and a number of anaerobic bacteria possessed superoxide dismutase. There was a correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and oxygen tolerance, but there were notable exceptions. Polyacrylamide gel electropherograms stained for superoxide dismutase indicated that many of the anaerobic bacteria contained at least two electrophoretically distinct enzymes with superoxide dismutase activity. All facultative bacteria contained peroxidase, whereas none of the anaerobic bacteria possessed measurable amounts of this enzyme. Catalase activity was variable among the bacteria and showed no relationship to oxygen tolerance. The ability of the bacteria to reduce oxygen was also examined and related to enzyme content and oxygen tolerance. In general, organisms that survived for relatively long periods of time in the presence of oxygen but demonstrated little superoxide dismutase activity reduced little oxygen. The effects of medium composition and conditions of growth were examined for their influence on the level of the three enzymes. Bacteria grown on the surface of an enriched blood agar medium generally had more enzyme activity than bacteria grown in a liquid medium. The data indicate that superoxide dismutase activity and oxygen reduction rates are important determinants related to the tolerance of anaerobic bacteria to oxygen.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria

Rolfe

Hentges

Campbell

et al. 1978

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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“…During the past decade, some studies have supported the potential reduction of oxidative stress of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium [ 15 - 18 ]. Nevertheless, Clostridium butyricum can produce endospores and short-chain fatty acids, which has the ability to survive at lower pH, relatively higher bile concentrations and temperature compared with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and has been used in a wide range of human and veterinary intestinal diseases as one important symbiotic bacteria [ 19 - 22 ]. To our knowledge, information is lacking on the effects of C. butyricum on antioxidant properties and fatty acid composition of broilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on antioxidant properties, meat quality and fatty acid composition of broiler birds

Liao

et al. 2015

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundConsumers are becoming increasingly interested in food containing high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA are considered as functional ingredients to prevent cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on antioxidant properties, meat quality and fatty acid composition of broilers.MethodsA total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres male chicks were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with eight replicates and fed a antibiotic-free basal corn-soybean meal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with either 2.5 × 108 (CB1), 5 × 108 (CB2) or 1 × 109 (CB3) cfu of C. butyricum/kg or150 mg of aureomycin/kg (antibiotic) for 42 days.ResultsThe results showed that chicks fed diets supplemented with C. butyricum had higher (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and lower (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration in liver compared with those in the control group. Broilers had lower (P < 0.05) cholesterol content of serum in either CB2 or CB3 treatment at day 21 and in the C. butyricum-supplemented groups at day 42 than those in the control group. Chicks fed CB3 diet had lower (P < 0.05) percentage of abdominal fat and higher (P < 0.05) breast muscle yield than those in the control and antibiotic groups. The supplementation of C. butyricum increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of C20:1n-9, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and total PUFA as well as ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids in breast muscle and the contents of C18:2 t-9, t-12, C20:3n-6, C20:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 in thigh muscle.ConclusionsSupplementation of C. butyricum promotes hepatic antioxidant status, decreases cholesterol content of serum and percentage of abdominal fat, and improves meat quality and fatty acid composition of broiler birds. The results from the present study indicate that the increased PUFA concentrations in meat of broilers fed C. butyricum might be attributable to enhanced antioxidant activity.

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“…It was reported by Holland et al (6) that spores of Ct. sporogenes are able to germinate under aerobic conditions. Ando and Iida (1) showed that spores of Ct. botulinum type E germinate in a medium of Eh +414 mY, and Douglas et al (3) reported that spores of Ct. butyricum are able to germinate in an Eh +640 m V medium. Also, the present findings indicate that spores of Ct. tetani are able to germinate in medium with a high aiR potential.…”

Section: Air Potential If Media In Which B Subtilis Spores Germinatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Oxidation‐Reduction Potential on Spore Germination, Outgrowth, and Vegetative Growth of Clostridium tetani, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus subtilis

Hachisuka

Suzuki

Morikawa

et al. 1982

Microbiology and Immunology

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Spores of Clostridium tetani germinated in liver broth with +580 m V as the starting Eh value, and those of Clostridium butyricum germinated in liver broth with an initial Eh of +400 mV regardless of the presence or absence of a liquid paraffin covering.Spores of Bacillus subtilis germinated in liver broth with -100 m V as the starting Eh value.Also, it was found that there are two ranges of starting Eh values for germination and vegetative growth of Cl. tetani, Cl. butyricum, and B. subtilis. In the first range these spores germinated and grew, but in the second range they only germinated and then died without outgrowth.It was reported by Knight and Fildes that spores of Clostridium tetani did not grow in medium with a pH of 7.0-7.65 unless the starting Eh was as low as -0.11 volt (7). A microbiology text (9) cited these results and it was generally believed that spores of Cl. tetani germinate only under anaerobic conditions. Hachisuka (5), however, reported that spores of Cl. tetani germinated, and died without developing into vegetative cells, under aerobic conditions. Recently, Shoesmith and Holland (8) also showed that spores of Cl. tetani germinated in synthetic medium under aerobic conditions. The present study was undertaken to determine the exact oxidation-reduction (OIR) potential required for spore germination, outgrowth, and vegetative growth of Cl. tetani, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus subtilis, and to examine the morphological changes in the spores which germinated at 0IR potentials unsuitable for vegetative growth. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms. Cl. tetani Riku 3 (National Institute of Health Japan Collection) subcultured in liver broth, Cl. butyricum Miyairi subcultured in GAM medium 803

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An Investigation of the Oxidation‐reduction Potential and of the Effect of Oxygen on the Germination and Outgrowth of Clostridium butyricum Spores, using Platinum Electrodes

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria

Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on antioxidant properties, meat quality and fatty acid composition of broiler birds

The Effect of Oxidation‐Reduction Potential on Spore Germination, Outgrowth, and Vegetative Growth of Clostridium tetani, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus subtilis

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