An Investigation of the Origin of the Colour of the Lycurgus Cup by Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy

Barber, D. J.; Freestone, Ian C.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1990.tb01079.x

Cited by 267 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Usually, gold nanoparticles are precipitated due to tin oxide from a gold solution in regal acid and then incorporated into the glaze precursor before firing [7]. The observation of both copper and gold in red Roman glass tessarae [8] and in the Lycurgus cup [6], however questions the above proposed date for "Cassius' purple" and the gold ruby glass could be a Roman Heritage.…”

Section: Flux Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

Colomban

2009

JNanoR

151

128

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Abstract. The use of metal nanoparticles dispersed in an optically clear matrix by potters and glassmakers from the Bronze Age up to the present time is reviewed from the solid state chemistry and material science point of view. The nature of metal (gold, silver or copper), the importance of some other elements (Fe, Sn, Sb, Bi) added to control metal reduction in the glass in relation to the firing atmosphere (combined reducing oxidizing sequences, role of hydrogen and water) are considered in the light of ancient Treatises and recent analyses using advanced techniques (FIB-TEM, EXAFS,…) and classical methods (optical microscopy, UV-visible absorption). The different types of colour production, by absorption/reflection (red, yellow) or diffraction (iridescence) and the relationship between nanostructure (metal particle dispersion, layer stacking) and lustre colour are discussed. The very specific interaction between light and the metal nanoparticle makes Raman scattering a very useful "bottom up" technique to study the local glass structure around the metal particles as well as to detect incomplete metal reduction or residues tracing the preparation route, hence making it possible to differentiate between genuine artefacts and fakes.

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Section: Flux Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

Colomban

2009

JNanoR

151

128

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“…[4] Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a biocompatible class of nanomaterials, provide nanosized units with useful imaging contrast properties. [6,7] This is because higher molecular weight GNPs present an enhanced absorption coefficient (gold: 5.16 cm 2 g ¡1 ; iodine: 1.94 cm 2 g ¡1 at 100 keV), which results in 2.7 times higher contrast than typical iodine agents. [8] GNPs are attractive due to the possibility of good control of their size, shape, and surface chemical composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new X-ray contrast agent based on highly stable gum arabic-gold nanoparticles synthesised in deep eutectic solvent

Shahidi

Iranpour

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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(2015) A new X-ray contrast agent based on highly stable gum arabic-gold nanoparticles synthesised in deep eutectic solvent, Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 10:12, 911-924, DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2014 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2014.933493 This paper reports a novel method of fabricating gum arabic coated gold nanoparticles (GA-GNPs) synthesised in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for use as a new X-ray contrast agent. GA-GNPs were prepared simply by mixing a solution of 0.01% DES, GA and tetra chloroauric (III) acid at room temperature. DES was prepared using choline chloride (ChCl), gallic acid and glycerol as the precursors. A complete characterisation study of GA-GNPs was undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro study of the as-prepared GA-GNPs revealed the high potential of these nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agents. Compared with the common clinically available CT contrast agent, Visipaque, the synthesised GA-GNPs showed more than three fold X-ray attenuation coefficient. GA-GNPs were found to be remarkably stable in biological media. The development of such nontoxic, biocompatible nanostructures could be an advancement in diagnostic nanomedicine.

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“…The glass of this cup is dichroic and resembles jade with an opaque greenish-yellow tone, but when light shines through the glass (transmitted light) it turns into a translucent ruby colour. It has been demonstrated that the spectacular colour change is caused by colloidal metal and more precisely by nanocrystals of a silver-gold alloy dispersed throughout the glassy matrix (Barber & Freestone 1990). A handful of other Roman glasses showing a dichroic effect were also reported and although the colour change is not so spectacular, the Lycurgus Cup is obviously the result of a good technical mastery of Roman glass-workers (Freestone, Meeks et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles in Ancient Materials: The Metallic Lustre Decorations of Medieval Ceramics

Sciau¹

2012

The Delivery of Nanoparticles

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An Investigation of the Origin of the Colour of the Lycurgus Cup by Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy

Cited by 267 publications

References 8 publications

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

A new X-ray contrast agent based on highly stable gum arabic-gold nanoparticles synthesised in deep eutectic solvent

Nanoparticles in Ancient Materials: The Metallic Lustre Decorations of Medieval Ceramics

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