An Investigation of the Harbor Pilot Concept for Single Pilot Operations

Koltz, Martin T.; Roberts, Zachary; Sweet, John; Battiste, Henri; Cunningham, James; Battiste, Vernol; Vu, Kim‐Phuong L.; Strybel, Thomas Z.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.948

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present concept of SPO (Koltz et al, 2015;Schmid & Stanton, 2019b;, the participant taking part as a remote-copilot mandatorily supported the single-pilot during departure and arrival in flight planning and navigation as pilot monitoring. The single-pilot and Captain, a confederate of the experimenter team, was the pilot flying and acted a pilot incapacitation in half of the flight-trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The technology acceptance scale: Its Bayesian psychometrics assessed in a factor analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo models

Schmid¹

2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The technology acceptance scale (TAS) by van der Laan, Heino, and De Waard (1997) measures the psychological construct of the same term as a sum of attitudes of an operator toward a specific complex sociotechnical system. The TAS has been claimed to comprise two subscales, usefulness and satisfaction. However, recent empirical work has found evidence for only one underlying factor. To provide further insight into the factor structure of the TAS, this study adopts a Bayesian exploratory factor analysis (BEFA) to analyse the data of a flight simulation study regarding single pilot operations. A series of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) models is used to assess the latent factor structure of the TAS for the two different crewing conditions and their corresponding workstation and cockpit setups of the copilot. A reliable step-by-step data analysis of the MCMC models provides evidence for a one-factor solution of the scale. The divergence to the previous studies which claim two factors can be due to the different applications as well as due to different statistical paradigms and methodological issues in exploratory factor analysis.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The technology acceptance scale: Its Bayesian psychometrics assessed in a factor analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo models

Schmid¹

2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To sum up, the harbor pilot and dedicated support ConOps (Koltz et al, 2015) that includes mandatory support for navigation during departure and arrival and optional support in cruise has been investigated and modelled with different methods from systems thinking. CWA in combination with social network analysis (SNA) were used to allocate functions and give general design advice (Schmid et al, 2020;Stanton, Harris, & Starr, 2016).…”

Section: Systems Thinking Views On Single Pilot Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems Thinking in Aerospace: The Contributions to the Design of Future Airliners’ Single Pilot Operations

Schmid¹,

Stanton

2020

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Systems thinking methods have evolved into a popular toolkit in Human Factors to analyze complex sociotechnical systems at early design stages, such as future airliners’ single pilot operations (SPO). A quantitative re-analysis of studies from a systematic literature review (Schmid & Stanton, 2019b) was conducted to categorically assess their contributions to researching SPO and to fitting their systems thinking methods to contemporary Human Factors problems. Although only 15 of 79 publications applied systems thinking methods to operational, automation, and the pilot incapacitation issue(s) of SPO, these studies provided a comprehensive concept of operations that is able to deal with many issues of future single-piloted airliners. These theoretical models require further evaluation by looking at the empirical instances of system behavior. Finally, the hierarchical structures in system’s development and operations from systems thinking enable Human Factors professionals and researchers to approach SPO systematically.

show abstract

“…It is assumed that these periods of the high workload will remain in RCO because it is anticipated that the airport-related preconditions for departure and arrival will remain largely unchanged. Hence, the remote-copilot supports each singlepilot aircraft successively, of which he can serve 4-6 aircraft during departure/arrival (Koltz et al 2015). During the cruise, the single-pilot is supported remotely as needs arise (Schmid and Korn 2017).…”

Section: A Design Approach To Reduced-crew Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A future airliner’s reduced-crew: modelling pilot incapacitation and homicide-suicide with systems theory

Schmid

Stanton

2019

Hum.-Intell. Syst. Integr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One main hurdle towards commercial airliners' Reduced-Crew Operations (RCO) is how to encounter pilot incapacitation. The aim of this modelling study is to evaluate the potential effects of a single-pilot's incapacitation on a future design approach to RCO. Most solutions propose a ground support of the pilot by a remote operator whom control should be handed over in case of an emergency. Both incapacitation and homicide-suicide have been discussed in the literature but neither of these events have been modelled nor evaluated empirically. We introduce a future operational design concept for RCO which includes a remotecopilot as ground support and automation tools monitoring pilot's health and entries into aircraft systems. The hazard analysis technique System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) was used to model and analyse scenarios of incapacitation/homicidesuicide. A hierarchical control structure showed how RCO can be embedded into commercial aviation. The STPA of pilot incapacitation and two scenarios of pilot homicide-suicide showed how unsafe control actions leading to an incident or accident after incapacitation/homicide-suicide could be prevented. The possible detection and takeover of control by the ground support in the case of incapacitation raised the question for detailed procedures on how to react to its detection. Either an autoland by the remote-copilot or by an affiliated system is possible. An additional breakup of data-link may only be solved by an automatic landing system on-board.

show abstract

An Investigation of the Harbor Pilot Concept for Single Pilot Operations

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

The technology acceptance scale: Its Bayesian psychometrics assessed in a factor analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo models

The technology acceptance scale: Its Bayesian psychometrics assessed in a factor analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo models

Systems Thinking in Aerospace: The Contributions to the Design of Future Airliners’ Single Pilot Operations

A future airliner’s reduced-crew: modelling pilot incapacitation and homicide-suicide with systems theory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About