An investigation of the effects of endometriosis on the proteome of human eutopic endometrium: A heterogeneous tissue with a complex disease

Abstract

The pathogenesis of endometriosis includes the proliferation of heterogeneous endometrial cells and their invasion into ectopic sites within the peritoneal cavity. This may be due to abnormalities of the eutopic endometrium itself, predisposing the cells to survive and implant ectopically. We investigated the applicability of 2-DE gels and peptide mass mapping to identify candidate endometrial proteins with a role in endometriosis. Despite the heterogeneous nature of endometrium, our results show that combining the analysis of 2-DE gels and peptide mass mapping yields consistent data. We identified dysregulated proteins in women with endometriosis which included: (i) molecular chaperones including heat shock protein 90 and annexin A2, (ii) proteins involved in cellular redox state, such as peroxiredoxin 2, (iii) proteins involved in protein and DNA formation/breakdown, including ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, prohibitin and prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and (iv) secreted proteins, such as apolipoprotein A1. These proteins have functions which suggest that they could play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study demonstrated that 2-DE gel analysis and mass spectroscopic protein identification are suitable for the identification of proteins with candidate associations with endometriosis. These techniques should be used on a larger scale to identify endometriosis-related proteins, thus improving the understanding of this complex disease.

Localization and Expression of Peroxiredoxin II in the Mouse Ovary, Oviduct, Uterus, and Preimplantation Embryo

“…Western blotting results showed that Prx II protein levels did not change with the estrous cycle, suggesting that Prx II expression was not influenced by estrogen. Some researchers have used twodimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrum to compare the proteomes of normal endometerium and abnormal endometrium dystopia, as well as to examine the proteome of cervix-vagina fluid; they found that the antioxidant protein Prx II exists in the endometrial and cervix-vagina fluid (Di Quinzio et al, 2007;Fowler et al, 2007), but exactly which cell types specifically contain Prx II remains unclear. Using immunohistochemical staining, we found that Prx II was mainly detected in the endometrial stromal cells, but not in the endometrial epithelia or the uterine glandular epithelia.…”

“…Some researchers have used two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrum to compare the endometrial proteome with and without endometriosis, as well as to examine the proteome in the cervixvagina fluid during the late stage of human pregnancy. Their results demonstrate that the antioxidant Prx II exists in the endometrium and the cervix-vagina fluid (Di Quinzio et al, 2007;Fowler et al, 2007), but exactly which cell types specifically contain Prx II remains unknown. Similarly, it remains unclear how Prx II is expressed in the follicles of the mouse ovary during different developmental stages.…”

Proteomic analysis of the sheep caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium reveals changes in functional proteins crucial for the establishment of pregnancy

“…The caruncular and intercaruncular tissues were processed separately for 1DE and 2DE gel electrophoresis as described previously (Fowler et al 2007). Briefly, tissues were combined with 5 ml lysis buffer/1 mg wet weight of tissue.…”

“…To test our hypothesis, endometrium was collected from cycling ewes on days 12 (C12) and 16 (C16) of the oestrous cycle and from pregnant ewes at conceptus pre-attachment (P12), implantation (P16) and early post-implantation (P20). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomics (Fowler et al 2007, Stephens et al 2010, Arianmanesh et al 2011) was employed to characterise peri-implantation-specific alterations in the endometrial proteome in order to enhance our understanding of the molecular endometrium environment supporting early conceptus development and survival.…”

The diagnosis of endometriosis with the help of mass spectrometry (a review)

“…Значи-мые различия концентрации белков в сыворотке крови у пациенток с эндометриозом и здоровых жен-щин отмечены для виментина, β-актина и β-субъединицы АТФ-синтазы. В другом исследовании [66] при сравнении экс-прессии белка в эутопическом эндометрии в секре-торную и пролиферативную фазы менструального цикла продемонстрировано, что у женщин с эндо-метриозом (в отличие от здоровых добровольцев) на-рушена регуляция таких белков, как молекулярные шапероны, в том числе белки теплового шока hsp90 и аннексин А2; белки, участвующие в окислительно-восстановительных процессах (пероксиредоксин 2); белки, участвующие в формировании/разрушении ДНК (рибонуклеозид-дифосфатредуктаза, прохиби-тин и пролил 4-гидроксилаза) и секретируемые бел-ки (аполипопротеин А1). А. Ametzazurra и соавт.…”