“…Moreover, Phase 1 validated the themes and subthemes emerging from Carter et al (2021) qualitative study investigating perceptions of teaching quality among secondary school teachers in Rwanda, and, in turn, supported their conclusions that perceptions of teaching quality in the Rwandan context are multidimensional and multifaceted in nature. This notion of the multidimensionality of teaching quality supports the findings from previous research conducted in the Global North (e.g., Witcher et al, 2001 ; Gershenson, 2016 ; Okpala et al, 2009 ) and the Global South (e.g., Sönmez Boran et al, 2019 ) on both preservice (i.e., prospective) teachers and inservice teachers.…”